Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Social sciences

Key Characters in Fuenteovejuna

Powerful Figures

• Commander Fernando Gómez: Portrayed as a feudal lord who believes his vassals belong to him. He behaves proudly, yet Lope de Vega also depicts him as a brave soldier.
• The Catholic Monarchs (RRCC): They appear functionally to dispense justice and legitimize the actions of the people. Their intervention corresponds to a stage procedure from the classical era known as Deus ex Machina, characterized by a god or important person resolving the conflict at the play's end. This is precisely what the Catholic Monarchs do.

The Collective Character of the People

While the people act as a collective character, it is important to distinguish a few key individuals:

• Frondoso: A loving, humble, and wise character.

Early 19th Century: Political, Social, and Economic Aspects

Political: There were many political changes, and the introduction of capitalism and the liberal state led to the rise of the bourgeoisie.

Social: The social transformation process was complex and inadequate, marked by the alliance of the bourgeoisie with the landowning aristocracy. Disentailment enriched the wealthy and worsened the conditions of the rural poor.

Economical: The delay of industrialization limited efforts to modernize the country. There were important advances, such as the development of the textile and mining industries, the incorporation of the steam engine, the launching of the steel industry, and the construction of the railway network, improving water supply and road... Continue reading "19th Century: Political, Social, Economic & Cultural Shifts" »

Spanish in the Digital Age

New Technologies and Institutions

Among the technological resources serving the Spanish language, the internet, online press, text processors, and grammar checkers stand out.

• Real Academia Española: With support from other academies, it has made resources available online, including Spelling, the Pan-Hispanic Dictionary of Doubts, and a comprehensive Spanish Grammar sensitive to language varieties. The United States has also participated in the language's dissemination on the continent.
• Universidad Antonio de Nebrija: Has conducted lexical studies on mobile telephony and the internet, creating resources like the Vocabulary of Mobile Telephony, Spanish-English/English-Spanish Dictionaries, and an online Spanish Language

Industrial Capitalism

The Industrial Revolution, originating in Britain, propelled the rise of capitalism and liberalism. This system subsequently spread throughout Europe, the USA, and Japan.

In the eighteenth century, Adam Smith defined economic liberalism. He posited that self-interest was the driving force of the economy, prices adjusted supply to demand, and the state should not interfere with free trade.

Under these principles, capitalism is based on a system where the means of production are privately owned.

When supply outpaces demand, businesses fail, stockpiles accumulate, and unemployment rises. This chain of events leads to economic crises.

Banks played a crucial role, providing loans and facilitating payments through checks and bills.... Continue reading "Industrial Capitalism and Its Impact on 19th-Century Society" »

Key Concepts in Child Welfare and Education

Intervention

Intervention refers to actions taken to prevent or correct unsatisfactory personal or collective circumstances. This includes ensuring the satisfaction of needs.

Educational Intervention

Educational intervention aims to help children acquire new skills, habits, and knowledge. These interventions contribute to the development of autonomy, personal knowledge, freedom, choice, and self-fulfillment. They foster intrinsic motivation.

Child Care Modality

This modality provides children with opportunities in various areas to promote learning and development. It focuses on meeting their needs and compensating for economic or cultural shortcomings and inequalities. It starts with the children's needs... Continue reading "Child Protection and Education: Key Concepts and Organizations" »

Worship Level

In-Plane Phonics

Complete and careful articulation, and moderate tone.

On the Morphosyntactic

Periods carefully crafted and comprehensive syntactic, and discourse is coherent.

On the Semantic Lexicon

Vocabulary ownership, use of neologisms and foreign words (with a limit!).

Scientific-Technical Language

Variety of cultural language, limited to different fields of knowledge (medicine, technology, etc.) comes from the lexicon: the usual language, Greek and Latin, and English. The language is denotative, rigorous, rational, and unambiguous.

Jargon

The special language of a particular social group, only used by its speakers as members of this social group, outside the general language speakers. There is slang for: soldiers, criminals (underworld)

Bolívar Family Origins

The name Bolívar is of Basque origin. The Bolívar family came from a village called La Puebla de Bolívar in Vizcaya (Basque Country), Spain.

First Bolívar in Venezuela

The first of the Bolívars to arrive in Venezuela, along with his son, came to Caracas 30 years after the city's founding, around 1589. To distinguish them, they were known as Simón de Bolívar the Elder and Simón de Bolívar the Younger.

Simón de Bolívar the Elder

Bolívar the Elder stood out as a royal accountant, by special privilege of King Philip II, and as keeper of the treasury. He was also attorney general for the cities of Caracas, Coro, Trujillo, Barquisimeto, Carora, El Tocuyo, and Maracaibo. He traveled to the Spanish court between 1590... Continue reading "Simón Bolívar: Family, Schooling, Influence" »

Globalization is the process of progressive economic integration and increased interdependence, communication, and connectivity worldwide. The economies and companies of the world are in constant interaction.

Globalization Chronology

Second Globalization Wave: The most widely accepted chronology is from the 1970s and 1980s onwards.

A Timeline for the Globalization Process

The First Globalization Wave took place in the 19th century. At that time, the world underwent a phase characterized by an unprecedented mobility of labor, capital, and products. The process of building an international economy occurred in the course of the 19th century, but the specific chronology of the First Globalization Wave is, according to most authors, from 1850 to 1914.... Continue reading "Understanding Globalization: Waves, Factors, and Impact" »

José Ortega y Gasset: A 20th-Century Perspective

Context:

José Ortega y Gasset stands as a prominent philosopher and intellectual of the 20th century. His Spanish origins perhaps hindered his wider recognition in recent history. It's noteworthy that he often left his books unfinished. A philosopher in the traditional sense, Ortega rejected the confinement of philosophy to academic circles, seeking to elevate the cultural level of his nation. Understanding his thought requires navigating a diverse body of work, including articles, lectures, and essays. His journalistic endeavors, a significant aspect of his originality, offer insights into his political thinking and commitment to Spain's socio-political reality.

Ortega's Perspectivism and the

Latin American Economic Evolution

Phase 1: Industrial Revolution's Impact

• The Industrial Revolution led to changes in Latin American economies.
• Industrialization caused a strong demand for food and raw materials.
• Economic growth in the 20th century, driven by export-import activities, brought about social transformations, including:
  • Modernization of the upper class
  • Emergence of new professions and services
  • Political changes, diminishing the role of strongmen, with the elite becoming more interested in national politics.
• Political authority was sought in two forms: elite landowners and governments taking direct control of reform.

Phase 2: Expansion of Growth

• Increased exports improved the economy.
• European migration met labor demands.
• Cities grew due to