Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Social sciences

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The Renaissance: Literature, Theater, and Ideology

Classified in Social sciences

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TEMA 3

TEMA 3 Renaissance 1: The decline of the M.A, divided in: The end of the 100 years war, the peasant revolts and church schism. The beginning of the new period in Europe: technological development like printing press, discovery of America, military development. In England: Tudor dynasty, the break with Rome, union between Wales and England (1536).

Humanism:

Reaction against M.A., the classical as models, critical attitude towards the court, centrality of man -> heliocentrism, ideal renaissance man -> justice, prudence, honor, pledge, foundation of universities, education is central, interest in man history...

The Reformation:

The Catholics vs. Protestants. - Theological issues: Basis of Salvation. - Protestantism: faith + free interpretation... Continue reading "The Renaissance: Literature, Theater, and Ideology" »

Hofstede and GLOBE Models of Cultural Dimensions

Classified in Social sciences

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Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory

  • Individualism vs. Collectivism: Refers to how personal needs and goals are prioritized compared to the needs and goals of the group or organization.
  • Masculinity vs. Femininity: Masculine societies tend to have more distinct social gender roles compared to feminine cultures.
  • Uncertainty Avoidance: Indicates how comfortable people are with ambiguity and change. Low avoidance means comfort with change; high avoidance means preference for known systems.
  • Power Distance: The degree to which people accept and expect unequal power distribution in society and are comfortable with influencing upwards.
  • Time Perspective (Long-Term Orientation): Focuses on long-term planning for the future versus short-term perspectives.
... Continue reading "Hofstede and GLOBE Models of Cultural Dimensions" »

The Harmful Effects of Reality Shows on Young Viewers

Classified in Social sciences

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It is generally accepted that most people spend a long time in front of the TV, especially consuming reality shows. In this discussion, we will focus on how these shows might be harmful for viewers.

Probably the most important issue is that these shows are watched by many people, perhaps because they do not require high concentration or previous knowledge about any field. Many people find reality shows entertaining. Interestingly, many people agree on the idea of watching how famous people live with each other or do little games in order to compete. Although I am not willing to spend hours in front of the TV watching it, many people find it more entertaining than going out for instance.

Nevertheless, there is an important issue. There has been... Continue reading "The Harmful Effects of Reality Shows on Young Viewers" »

Literary Devices: Oxymoron, Paradox, Fallacy, and Satire

Classified in Social sciences

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Oxymoron

Definition:

An oxymoron is a literary device that combines contradictory terms to create a thought-provoking effect. It presents contrasting concepts in a way that reveals a deeper, often complex, meaning. This device encourages a deeper understanding and exploration of semantic layers in writing.

Example:

Sometimes we cherish things of little value.

He possessed a cold fire in his eyes.

Paradox

Definition:

A paradox in literature involves the use of seemingly contradictory ideas that, when considered together, hold significant value. The power of a paradox lies in its ability to reveal a deeper meaning that isn't immediately apparent, offering surprising insights upon reflection.

Example:

High walls do not make a palace; full coffers do not... Continue reading "Literary Devices: Oxymoron, Paradox, Fallacy, and Satire" »

UN Sustainable Development Goals, Progress, and Strategy

Classified in Social sciences

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United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

1. One of the new goals is to end extreme poverty by 2030, irreversibly. (True)

2. When it comes to reducing poverty and malnutrition, Rwanda has become a successful model for the rest of the developing world. (True)

3. The Millennium Goal to reduce extreme poverty by 50% (more than 1 billion people) was met five years early, mostly because of changes in China. (True)

4. Rwanda's services help the poorest people, and the government incorporates cultural practices to get communities involved. (True)

5. All of the new goals are for the developing world and for the developed world. Everyone can take action, not just governments. (True)

6. No one is to be left behind. Extreme poverty is to be completely eradicated.

... Continue reading "UN Sustainable Development Goals, Progress, and Strategy" »

The Art of Persuasion: A Guide to Rhetoric from Ancient Greece to Modern Advertising

Classified in Social sciences

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Rhetoric and Poetica

As a general concept, rhetoric refers to the art of speaking or writing correctly and elegantly to move, delight, or persuade. Different authors have defined it in various ways:

  • Cockcroft: Art of persuasive speech
  • Lopez Eyre: Art of properly using language
  • Arist: Ability to achieve something
  • Quintilian: Science to work and take care of the ability to speak
  • Protagoras: Man as a measure of all things

The natural origin of rhetoric is legal and political. Its roots can be traced back to Syracuse in the 5th century BC when eloquence became necessary to persuade during land expropriation disputes. Rhetoric was the capacity for oratory, the art of persuading. The first discourse on this topic was written by Corax of Syracuse, but it... Continue reading "The Art of Persuasion: A Guide to Rhetoric from Ancient Greece to Modern Advertising" »

Affective Filter: Impact on Language Acquisition

Classified in Social sciences

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Affective Filter Hypothesis

The Affective Filter Hypothesis suggests several factors influence language acquisition success.

Key Factors

  • Motivation: Higher motivation correlates with better language acquisition.
  • Self-Esteem: Increased self-confidence aids language learning.
  • Anxiety: Lower anxiety is beneficial; ideally, anxiety should be zero for optimal acquisition.

When focused on the message and anxiety is absent, acquisition occurs. However, while zero anxiety may not be suitable for all tasks, it is crucial for language acquisition.

Facilitative Anxiety

Facilitative anxiety may be acceptable for certain tasks, but language acquisition requires anxiety to be directed away from the language itself.

Affective Filter

The affective filter acts as a block... Continue reading "Affective Filter: Impact on Language Acquisition" »

Autocratic cockpit synergistic laissez faire

Classified in Social sciences

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LEADING

Three key concepts:

1.LEADERSHIP

Process of leading A group and influencing that group to achieve its goals.

THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP:

TRAIT THEORIES: Search for traits or Characteristics that differentiate leaders from non leaders.

BEHAVIORAL THEORIES: Theories that isolate behaviour That differentiate effective leaders from ineffective leaders

 ▪An autocratic style leader That tends to centralize authority, make unilateral decisions, and limit Employee participation.

▪ A democratic Style a leader that tends to involve employees in decision making, Delegates authority.

▪ A laissez-faire Style leader that tends to gives his employees complete freedom to make Decisions.

CONTINGENCY THEORIES: Willingness to make great efforts to achieve

... Continue reading "Autocratic cockpit synergistic laissez faire" »

Life as a Student in Spain: My Journey Towards Economics

Classified in Social sciences

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First of all, I'm a student of Spain, Catalonia, in the city of Barcelona. In my school, it isn't obligatory to wear a uniform, only in physical education courses.

My life as a student is very simple, since it is something every day. Aside, my time as a student has been very satisfactory, since I have learned many new things that have allowed me to develop myself better as a person, to develop my intellectual abilities later employed in the future. For me, the study is a very important tool needed for what you want to be grown-up and achieve higher social status and economic. Within this stage of student I have to do homework and study in the afternoons, after school.

However, what I most like is working group, because between us we can lend... Continue reading "Life as a Student in Spain: My Journey Towards Economics" »

Evolution of Historical and Geographical Schools of Thought

Classified in Social sciences

Written on in English with a size of 6.71 KB

SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT: (IN HISTORY)

  • POSITIVISM (19th century): History is a science, and it has to be taught at universities. Manuscripts and written documents are crucial elements that prove events. Main approaches concern military history, political history, or history of law. History serves a nation's great events. Learning by memorization, repetition, and without context, focusing on political history topics. Teaching by repetition, comprehension, and exposition. Representation by timelines and axes of time. Historical time is linear, unique, and homogeneous.
  • MARXISM: History of the poor people and the proletariat. Social and economic history are crucial for this movement. New documents and evidence emerged. New subjects, overcoming national
... Continue reading "Evolution of Historical and Geographical Schools of Thought" »