Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Social sciences

What Is a Creole Language?

A creole language, or simply a creole, is a stable natural language that has developed from a pidgin, i.e., a simplified version of a language. Creoles differ from pidgins because creoles have been nativized by children as their primary language. As a result, they have features of natural languages that are normally missing from pidgins, which are not anyone's first language.

The Etymology of the Word 'Creole'

The English term creole comes from French créole, which is cognate with the Spanish term criollo and Portuguese crioulo. All descend from the verb criar ('to breed' or 'to raise'), which comes from the Latin creare ('to produce, create').^[15] The specific sense of the term was coined in the 16th and 17th centuries... Continue reading "The Formation and Characteristics of Creole Languages" »

The UN Secretariat

Composition:
Headed by the Secretary-General, the chief administrative officer of the United Nations. It comprises international civil servants working across various UN departments and offices.

Functions:

• Carries out the day-to-day work of the UN as directed by the General Assembly, Security Council, and other principal organs.
• Prepares studies, reports, and background documents for meetings and decisions.
• Represents the UN at international conferences and acts as the spokesperson on major global issues.

Example:
Secretary-General António Guterres has taken an active role in addressing the global climate crisis by urging countries to honor their commitments under the Paris Agreement and by promoting the Sustainable Development... Continue reading "Key UN Organs: Secretariat, ICJ, and ECOSOC Explained" »

Secularism: Separation of State and Religion

Secularism is the principle of separating government institutions and persons mandated to represent the state from religious institutions and religious dignitaries.

Key Aspects of Secularism

1. Separation of Church and State: Secularism advocates for a clear distinction between religious institutions and the state.
2. Neutrality: Secular governments aim to remain neutral on matters of religion, ensuring equal treatment of all citizens regardless of their religious beliefs.
3. Freedom of Religion: Secularism often promotes freedom of religion, allowing individuals to practice their faith without interference from the state.

Benefits of Secular Governance

1. Promotes Diversity: Secularism can foster a more inclusive

1. The Context of Poverty in Ireland

Regarding extreme poverty in Ireland, mothers and children were often seen begging in the streets while wealthy individuals and politicians ignored the crisis. Swift utilizes satire to criticize this societal failure.

2. The Persona of the Narrator

The narrator adopts the tone of an economist, representing the wealthy and powerful. By viewing the poor strictly as economic problems, Swift highlights a profound lack of humanity.

3. The Shocking Proposal

The suggestion to sell poor children as food is an extreme exaggeration. It is not meant to be taken literally but serves to shock readers and expose society's indifference toward poverty.

4. Failed Solutions and Self-Interest

While many solutions were proposed, Swift... Continue reading "Satire and Social Critique in Jonathan Swift's A Modest Proposal" »

Industrial Revolution Assessment Materials

Open-Ended Questions

1. What changes did the Industrial Revolution bring to society?

   The Industrial Revolution brought significant changes, such as the shift from manual labor to machine production, the growth of factories, and the expansion of cities as people moved from rural areas to urban centers. It also introduced advances in transportation like railways and steamships.

2. What were some challenges caused by the Industrial Revolution?

   The Industrial Revolution caused challenges like poor working conditions, long hours, child labor in factories, and environmental pollution, which remains a problem today.

3. Why is the Industrial Revolution considered a turning point in history?

   It is considered a turning point

Strategic Control

The macro and microenvironment premise and importance for a firm.

Control Mechanisms

• Implementation Control: Inside and outside monitoring.
• Strategic Surveillance: Addressing unexpected events.

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Performance Indicators Concept

Concept: Indicators

Perspective: Financial Perspective / To be able to develop new products constantly:

• Concept: Objective
• Perspective: Internal Processes Perspective / Create an innovation and development committee:
• Concept: Initiatives
• Perspective: Internal Processes Perspective / Have at least 2 professionals with master’s degrees in product development:
• Concept: Goals
• Perspective: Growth and Learning Perspective.

CHARLOTTE: City Strategy Analysis

The City of Charlotte aims for... Continue reading "Strategic Control Frameworks and Business Analysis" »

The First Industrial Revolution: Economic Shifts

Around 1780, the Industrial Revolution began in northern England (Manchester). This period marked a fundamental change in technologies, company organization, economy, and society, leading to a transformation in the production of goods. It started when some clothing entrepreneurs began using machinery, which increased productivity, and organized production in factories. Later, steam engines were introduced to power these machines. These business owners, as capital providers, reaped all the profits. These characteristics—the pursuit of profit, the central role of capital providers, and the market's pivotal role in resource distribution—transformed the economic system from late feudalism and... Continue reading "The Nineteenth Century: Industrialization, Society, and Global Power Shifts" »

**The Slovak Educational System**

In Slovakia, good education is essential for a future career. Children start school at age six and are required to attend until age 16. After kindergarten, students enter primary school, which lasts nine years. Some students switch to an 8-year grammar school after completing fifth grade. 

After primary school, students move on to secondary school, which usually lasts four years and often requires an entrance exam. Grammar schools prepare students for university and end with a school-leaving exam called *maturita*. Many students also attend secondary vocational schools, specializing in areas like engineering, health care, business, hospitality, teaching, or art. These schools also typically end with a *maturita*... Continue reading "Concept of education" »

Modelos de Examen

Convocatoria Ordinaria

• 2017-2018: Opción A: Selfie Accidents | Opción B: The Legend of the Bermuda Triangle
• 2018-2019: Opción A: Parents Join Facebook to Spy | Opción B: The Dangers of Perfume
• 2019-2020: Opción A: Anne Morrow Lindbergh | Opción B: Horse Against Owner
• 2020-2021: Opción A: Flashes on the Moon | Opción B: Is Reading Affected by Gender?
• 2021-2022: Opción A: The Future of Jobs and Skills | Opción B: Social Media and Mental Health
• 2022-2023: Opción A: Why is Bangkok the Most Visited City in the World?
• 2023-2024: Nobel Prize for Studying Neanderthal | Texto B: TikTok’s Rise

Convocatoria Extraordinaria

• 2017-2018: Opción A: Saving the British Pub | Opción B: Fancy a Lab-Grown Burger?
• 2018-2019: Opción A: Vampire

Model Code of Conduct

In addition to the laws, all political parties in the country have agreed to a model code of conduct for the election campaign. This includes:

• (i) Any place of worship shall not be used for election propaganda.
• (ii) Criticism of the opposing candidates shall be limited to their policies and programs, past record of public service, and not mention of their private personal lives.
• (iii) Government official transport like cars, vehicles, machinery, aircraft, and personnel shall not be used by government officials or ministers.
• (iv) No posters, pamphlets, notices, or slogans shall be placed on any building without the permission of the owner.
• (v) After the elections have been announced, no minister shall lay down foundation stones