Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Social sciences

Rhetoric and Poetica

As a general concept, rhetoric refers to the art of speaking or writing correctly and elegantly to move, delight, or persuade. Different authors have defined it in various ways:

• Cockcroft: Art of persuasive speech
• Lopez Eyre: Art of properly using language
• Arist: Ability to achieve something
• Quintilian: Science to work and take care of the ability to speak
• Protagoras: Man as a measure of all things

The natural origin of rhetoric is legal and political. Its roots can be traced back to Syracuse in the 5th century BC when eloquence became necessary to persuade during land expropriation disputes. Rhetoric was the capacity for oratory, the art of persuading. The first discourse on this topic was written by Corax of Syracuse, but it... Continue reading "The Art of Persuasion: A Guide to Rhetoric from Ancient Greece to Modern Advertising" »

Affective Filter Hypothesis

The Affective Filter Hypothesis suggests several factors influence language acquisition success.

Key Factors

• Motivation: Higher motivation correlates with better language acquisition.
• Self-Esteem: Increased self-confidence aids language learning.
• Anxiety: Lower anxiety is beneficial; ideally, anxiety should be zero for optimal acquisition.

When focused on the message and anxiety is absent, acquisition occurs. However, while zero anxiety may not be suitable for all tasks, it is crucial for language acquisition.

Facilitative Anxiety

Facilitative anxiety may be acceptable for certain tasks, but language acquisition requires anxiety to be directed away from the language itself.

Affective Filter

The affective filter acts as a block... Continue reading "Affective Filter: Impact on Language Acquisition" »

First of all, I'm a student of Spain, Catalonia, in the city of Barcelona. In my school, it isn't obligatory to wear a uniform, only in physical education courses.

My life as a student is very simple, since it is something every day. Aside, my time as a student has been very satisfactory, since I have learned many new things that have allowed me to develop myself better as a person, to develop my intellectual abilities later employed in the future. For me, the study is a very important tool needed for what you want to be grown-up and achieve higher social status and economic. Within this stage of student I have to do homework and study in the afternoons, after school.

However, what I most like is working group, because between us we can lend... Continue reading "Life as a Student in Spain: My Journey Towards Economics" »

SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT: (IN HISTORY)

• POSITIVISM (19th century): History is a science, and it has to be taught at universities. Manuscripts and written documents are crucial elements that prove events. Main approaches concern military history, political history, or history of law. History serves a nation's great events. Learning by memorization, repetition, and without context, focusing on political history topics. Teaching by repetition, comprehension, and exposition. Representation by timelines and axes of time. Historical time is linear, unique, and homogeneous.
• MARXISM: History of the poor people and the proletariat. Social and economic history are crucial for this movement. New documents and evidence emerged. New subjects, overcoming national

What is the European Council?

The European Council defines the general political direction and priorities of the European Union. It is an institution whose role is to provide political impetus. Consequently, it makes a schedule and sets specific objectives for the Council of the EU, the Commission, and the European Parliament. It represents the highest level of political cooperation between EU countries.

The European Council proposes the candidate for the post of President of the European Commission and chooses the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy.

Evolution of the European Council

The European Council has evolved since its creation to its recognition as an Institution within the European Union.

Creation and

-TYPE F TXT:Primary source. As regards the form, as it's decree=legal text/Content→political text    Law of adaptation of the Basque Fueros (1839)

-AUTHOR:Spanish Cortes+Regent Maria Cristina. Ratified by the liberal government    Introduction

-ADDRESSED: Mainly the→inhabitants of Basque provinces, therefore, is a public text

-OBJECTIVE:Adapt the Fueros to the constitution (insert them in the constitutional framework)

-LOCA+DATE: 1839. Approved during the regency of Maria Cristina (minority of Isabella II’s age)/End of 1st Carlist war with the signing of the Bergara agreement between Maroto and Espartero

Main idea: Adapt+take fueros to constitutional framework (1837 in power) So, urged legal reform of them

Intro: The Carlists who have... Continue reading "Adaptation of the Basque Fueros to the Constitutional Framework (1839)" »