Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Social sciences

After 1945, European countries found social and political stability due to several factors. One of the factors include a program called the Marshall Plan. It all started with $13 billion donation from the United States government to Western European countries for food, equipment, and money. This money was meant to restore the regular life of the Western Europeans. Aside from economic assistance, the Marshall Plan was part of the U.S. government containment policy. The Marshall Plan aimed to stop the spread of communism. The idea of the U.S. government was to provide support for war-torn countries in order to make them realize that communism was not the best system to adopt. The Marshall Plan’s goals can be summarized into two points.

1. Increase

Explain why the Mars expedition is a huge risk travel.

The Mars expedition is very risky because the launching can go wrong.

What happens if the space suit rips?

All of our oxygen would escape and we wouldn't have breathing.

What happens if the rover breaks down?

We would have to find a way to build another ship.

What would happen if you lost contact with Earth?

Probably we never come back to the Earth because we don't have communication.

Reasons why people shouldn't go to Mars.

• Homesickness
• High risk

Would you volunteer to go to Mars?

No, because it is too dangerous and I have a lot of risk.

Write about a candidate that is willing to go to Mars.

Sabrina is 40 years old and she is Japanese.

Why do people want to go to Mars?

For looking for a new adventure... Continue reading "The Risks and Rewards of the Mars Expedition" »

It's good for us to laugh. That's why a yoga movement organized the fiesta World Laughter Day in India in 1998. Today, there are more than 6000 laughter clubs worldwide! Why don't you start your own laughter club with your friends?

The Eagle Huntress

This enchanting documentary is the story of Aisholpan, a 13-year-old girl in Mongolia. Aisholpan's family are nomads, and the men have been eagle hunters for seven generations. Aisholpan captures and trains her own golden eagle: she wants to be an eagle hunter too. But this is not traditional. Can she make her dream come true?

Equal Opportunities: Reality vs. Ideal?

Equality of opportunity is an ideal to which many societies aspire, but in practice, significant challenges remain in fully achieving it. While progress has been made in some areas, such as anti-discrimination legislation and efforts to promote diversity and inclusion, disparities persist in areas like access to education, employment, healthcare, and political representation.

Factors such as ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability, and socioeconomic status can significantly influence the opportunities a person has in life. Discrimination and prejudice can hinder equal access to resources and opportunities, undermining the principle of equal opportunity.

While measures have been... Continue reading "Equal Opportunity Challenges & Workforce Integration Impact" »

Romanticism: From Revolution to Manifesto

This period, spanning from the French Revolution to the mid-19th century, concludes with the Communist Manifesto. International and domestic conflicts arose in England, yet religious disputes no longer dominated political life. Economic transformations fueled class conflicts between the bourgeoisie and lower classes, as well as between the gentry and the industrial bourgeoisie, driven by economic interests. The era witnessed the Declaration of the Rights of Man, the Reign of Terror, France's rise as a military power under Napoleon, and economic crises. In England, figures like Nelson and Wellington emerged, and Bentham advocated for reforms, fearing the spread of revolution amidst the Napoleonic Wars.... Continue reading "Romanticism and the Rise of the Novel: A Literary Exploration" »

The Spanish Civil War started on the seventeenth of July 1936. It was a civil war which got known as the dress practice for World War Two and influenced the further improvement of contention in Europe in the twentieth century. Over the span of this multi-year war, Spain endured around 500,000 casualties, making it probably the deadliest war in Spanish history. The immediate reasons for the Spanish civil war have been examined and debated for quite a long time, some believing it was inevitable, others contending it could have easily been avoided.

Political Instability and Ideological Differences

Right off the bat, the political instability introduced numerous issues and ideological differences within the country, continued the polarization of... Continue reading "Causes of the Spanish Civil War: Political, Economic, and Social Factors" »

Totalitarianism

The only rights that people had were the ones that interested the state.

Irrationalism

They tried to cultivate violence, war, anti-intellectualism, and strength. They also believed in their own version of Darwin's theory, natural selection.

Radical Nationalism

The nation was considered superior and indivisible.

Racism and Xenophobia

There were superior and inferior races.

Anti-Communism, Anti-Liberalism, and Anti-Feminism

Imperialism and Militarism

If the war was for their own country, it was justified (expansionism), and there was a sense of superiority towards other nations.

Corporate State

They aimed to eliminate social classes, so society was divided into corporations or associations (families, jobs, etc.).

State-Led Capitalist Economy

They... Continue reading "Totalitarianism and Radical Nationalism: Ideologies of the Past" »

List the 6 Areas of Teacher Knowledge (Richards, 1998)

1. Theories of teaching

2. Development of teaching competences and skills

3. Content knowledge of the different subjects

4. Psychopedagogical and didactic knowledge

5. Knowledge of the school context

6. Practical knowledge

Specific Knowledge for English Teachers

Specific knowledge, often gained through experience, is crucial for effective teaching. According to Richards, skilled English teachers should excel in:

1. Selecting learning activities

2. Preparing students for new learning

3. Presenting learning activities

4. Asking questions

5. Checking students’ understanding

6. Providing opportunities for practice of new items

7. Monitoring students’ learning

8. Giving feedback on student learning

Why is Lesson Planning Important?

Lesson planning... Continue reading "Essential Teacher Knowledge and Lesson Planning in English Language Teaching" »

Agenda Setting

Agenda setting describes the news media's ability to influence the salience of topics on the public agenda. *Agenda-setting theory* was formally developed by Max McCombs and Donald Shaw in a study on the 1968 American presidential election. When the media focuses on just a few issues and subjects, the public tends to perceive those issues as more important.

Priming

Priming is the process in which the media attend to some issues and not others, thereby altering the standards by which people evaluate election candidates. A number of studies have demonstrated that there is a dimension of powerful media effects that goes beyond agenda-setting.

Framing

Framing is related to the agenda-setting tradition but expands the research by focusing... Continue reading "Understanding Media Influence and Voter Behavior in Elections" »