Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Religion

Sort by
Subject
Level

Bioethics and Human Life

Classified in Religion

Written on in English with a size of 2.97 KB

BIOETHICS

Utilitarianism

Searching for useful solutions.

Consequentialism

Takes into account consequences that are different to life’s support.

CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOETHICS

  • Positive: related to personal conditions and circumstances.
  • Negative (prohibition): some are non-conditional and others are relative (avoiding less evil).

GENERAL BIOETHICAL PRINCIPLES (Belmont’s report)

  • You shall represent human life at all levels.
  • Respect human dignity.
  • Both an embryo and an adult person must have independence of their life.
  • Procure the good and avoid malfeasance.

HUMAN LIFE

  • ‘A human being is a rational individual’.
  • Rational Soul: men need to think in order to live (thinking is fundamental).
  • Body: relation between human intelligence and body morphology.

ABORTION

  • The
... Continue reading "Bioethics and Human Life" »
Karma: 6%
Visits: 0

Judaism: Core Beliefs, Rituals, and Traditions

Classified in Religion

Written on in English with a size of 6.57 KB

Menorah: The Nine-Branched Candelabrum

In Judaism, a Menorah is a candelabrum with nine branches, typically holding eight candles plus a ninth, the shamash, used to light the others, especially during Hanukkah.

Metzevah: Jewish Tombstone Unveiling

A Metzevah refers to a monument, tombstone, or grave marker. Its unveiling ceremony, often called 'the unveiling,' typically takes place at the cemetery between six months to a year after death. During this ceremony, a cover is peeled off to reveal the tombstone.

Mishnah: Core Jewish Laws and Guidelines

The Mishnah is a foundational written compilation of the oral traditions and laws, serving as essential rules and guidelines for the Jewish people.

Nevi'im: The Books of Prophets

Nevi'im (Prophets) is the

... Continue reading "Judaism: Core Beliefs, Rituals, and Traditions" »

Karma: 6%
Visits: 0

Christian Marriage and Family: Core Principles and Modern Challenges

Classified in Religion

Written on in English with a size of 3.84 KB

Christian Family and Marriage: Core Principles

The Christian Conception of Family

  • The family serves as the initial cell of social life, where individuals learn moral values and the proper use of freedom.
  • The relationship between the State and the Family is based on subsidiarity: the State should provide support without usurping the family's functions.
  • The concept of building a family is intrinsically linked to love, as it forms the foundation of matrimony. It is a lifelong commitment to a partner with whom one builds a family and provides for its needs.
  • The sexual relationship is a participation in the co-creation of life. Men and women complement each other in every way.
  • A primary goal of marriage is procreation.
  • Marriage benefits the community.
  • Marriage
... Continue reading "Christian Marriage and Family: Core Principles and Modern Challenges" »
Karma: 6%
Visits: 0

Hinduism and Buddhism: A Comparison

Classified in Religion

Written on in English with a size of 1.15 KB

Hinduism

Hinduism is one of the world's major religions and the dominant religion in the South Asian subcontinent. It encompasses a variety of different traditions, beliefs, and practices, forming a broad daily ethic. Hinduism is mostly distributed in India, making it a regional religion. As an all-encompassing complex, it is both a religion and a way of life.

Core Beliefs

Hinduism emphasizes the eternal nature of the human soul and the concept of reincarnation. It teaches that karma, the law of cause and effect, influences the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. Through spiritual practices and righteous living, individuals strive for liberation (moksha) from this cycle.

Buddhism

tells us that we must transcend ourselves and learn to create new... Continue reading "Hinduism and Buddhism: A Comparison" »

Karma: 6%
Visits: 0

Glossary of Islamic Terms

Classified in Religion

Written on in English with a size of 2.57 KB

A

Amir: commander or prince, frequently used with reference to the person who leads the community.

Aya: verse of the Quran; also used in a general meaning of “sign” from God.

Ayatollah: In Shia Islam, a high-ranking title given to clerics recognized as experts in Islamic studies.

B

Basmala: the statement at the beginning of each sura of the Quran (except sura 9), “In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate”; also used by Muslims as an invocation.

Buraq: the winged horse which carried Muhammad on his “night journey” from Mecca to Jerusalem.

D

Dhimmi: a member of a protected community, especially referring to the Jews and Christians who live under Muslim rule. The right to practise their own religion was guaranteed by their payment... Continue reading "Glossary of Islamic Terms" »

Karma: 6%
Visits: 0

Biblical Covenants and Scripture Structure

Classified in Religion

Written on in English with a size of 3.72 KB

Biblical Covenants and Divine Promises

The Noahic Covenant

After sending a flood to destroy the evil on earth, Noah and God develop a covenant that God will protect His people as long as they respect and worship Him. God will never punish the world in this way again.

Symbol: Rainbow

The Abrahamic Covenant

Symbol: Circumcision. Abraham followed God in spite of hardship and difficulty. God promises salvation for all descendants of Abraham.

The Mosaic Covenant

Symbol: Ten Commandments. Moses encounters God in the burning bush—"Yahweh" (I am who I am). God is eternal and the source of all things.

The Davidic Covenant

God creates a covenant with David to restore the Mosaic Covenant. God says that His house will rule over Israel forever and if the ruler

... Continue reading "Biblical Covenants and Scripture Structure" »

Karma: 6%
Visits: 0

Understanding Jewish Traditions and Mourning Practices

Classified in Religion

Written on in English with a size of 2.92 KB

Days of Awe (High Holy Days)

The ten days between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur are a time of penance, to seek forgiveness from those you have wronged.

Dr. Elizabeth Kübler-Ross

Grew up in Switzerland during WWI and worked with the Red Cross in refugee camps. Being in charge of camps at 17 inspired her to become a doctor. She initially got married and had children, switching her major to psychiatry. She moved to the US to work with geriatric patients and realized the US focuses on the disease rather than the patient. Because the patients are dying, we have to understand death to help them. She aided in the creation of hospice centers and wrote "On Death and Dying". After her death, her husband republished it as how we face loss, defining loss

... Continue reading "Understanding Jewish Traditions and Mourning Practices" »

Karma: 6%
Visits: 0

Jewish Traditions and the Psychology of Grief

Classified in Religion

Written on in English with a size of 2.67 KB

Jewish Traditions and Observances

Sabbath (Shabbat)

A weekly day of worship and rest, observed from Friday at sundown to Saturday at sundown. The Sabbath meal involves breaking bread, blessing, and sharing wine.

Shabbat Observance

Orthodox Jews who cannot travel to the temple on foot may establish smaller prayer groups when the synagogue is too far to reach.

Shavuot

The Feast of Weeks (Pentecost), commemorating the giving of the Torah and the Ten Commandments to Moses on Mt. Sinai.

Shiva and Kaddish

Shiva involves the Kaddish, a prayer for mourning. It teaches that even when we question God, we continue to offer praise. A Minyan is required to recite the Kaddish:

  • Conservative: 10 Jewish adults.
  • Reform: 10 people.

The number 10 represents the covenant.... Continue reading "Jewish Traditions and the Psychology of Grief" »

Karma: 6%
Visits: 0

Judaism: Key Figures, Practices, and History

Classified in Religion

Written on in English with a size of 4.21 KB

Judaism: Key Figures, Practices, and History

The Synagogue

A place of learning and worship.

The Talmud

Considered divine revelation, it comprises two main parts: the Mishnah and the Gemara.

The Torah

The first five books of the Hebrew Bible (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy), also known as the Pentateuch or the Five Books of Moses. It contains 365 laws.

The Torah Scroll

Handwritten on parchment made of animal skin and sewn together with animal parts. Read from at the temple. It contains no punctuation, chapters, or verses. (Christians added punctuation to the Bible around 500 CE.) Torah scrolls are expensive, with the cheapest costing around $60,000. A yad (pointer) is used to follow the text, preventing damage from touching the ink.

... Continue reading "Judaism: Key Figures, Practices, and History" »

Karma: 6%
Visits: 0

Revenge Tragedy in Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama: Themes and Context

Classified in Religion

Written on in English with a size of 2.05 KB

Revenge Tragedy

Revenge Tragedy in Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama-Renaissance Lit: The Revenge Plot - The Spanish Tragedy (a revenge play) follows the Senecan model:

  • A secret murder, usually of a benign ruler by a bad one
  • A ghostly visitation of the murder victim to a younger kinsman, generally a son
  • A period of disguise, intrigue, or plotting, in which the murderer and the avenger scheme against each other, with a slowly rising body count
  • An eruption of general violence at the end, often accomplished by means of a feigned masque or festivity
  • A catastrophe that generally decimates the dramatis personae, including the avenger

Early Works

The Spanish Tragedy (Thomas Kyd 1582-1592), The Battle of Alcazar (George Peele c.1590), Titus Andronicus (William... Continue reading "Revenge Tragedy in Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama: Themes and Context" »

Karma: 6%
Visits: 0