Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Psychology and Sociology

Stream-of-Consciousness Fiction

The theories of Freud, Bergson, and James, along with the technologies of mass culture, inevitably led to the development of new writing techniques. James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are, along with the American novelist William Faulkner, the greatest practitioners of stream-of-consciousness fiction.

Key Narrative Techniques

Their novels utilize many techniques, but the most important are:

• Direct interior monologue: Refers to the direct presentation of a character’s stream of consciousness without the guiding presence of an author or narrator. The most famous example is Molly Bloom’s monologue in Joyce’s Ulysses, where we enter directly into Molly’s thoughts without any external point of view.
• Indirect interior

Dissociative Disorders and Identity

Dissociative Fugue

Sudden, unexpected travel away from home or one’s customary place of work with an inability to recall one’s past.

Associated Features of Dissociative Fugue

• Confusion about personal identity or assumption of a new identity.
• Semantic and procedural memory remain intact.
• Very rare.
• Often serves as a defense against overwhelming stress.

Dissociative Amnesia

Inability to recall important personal information that cannot be explained by ordinary forgetfulness.

Associated Features of Dissociative Amnesia

• Episodic/autobiographical memory is impaired.
• Loss is (usually) reversible.
• Procedural and semantic memory remain intact.
• Lasts from days to weeks (rarely, years).

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Formerly... Continue reading "Clinical Definitions of Dissociative, Sexual, and Somatic Disorders" »

The Fallacy of Dogmatic Ideology

The assumption that ____________ is a false or categorical truth. Although some advocates of ___________ would argue that ___________, these romantics are too dogmatic in their ideology. Two archetypes that exemplify how ____(Side I believe in)____ can be found throughout university research as well as in early 19th-century Swedish drama.

The Princeton Longitudinal Study

In 1953, researchers at Princeton University conducted a study in which 1,300 volunteers were broken down into groups of 650 each. The two groups performed [some task] under differing conditions:

• The first group: [situation related to one side of the prompt]
• The second group: [situation related to the opposite side of the prompt]

The participants... Continue reading "The Fallacy of Dogmatic Ideology: Evidence and Analysis" »

Language and Culture Concepts

Chris Barker: Not what culture is, but rather how Language of Culture (L of C) is used. He thinks that there is no correct or definitive meaning because its usage and meaning change over time.

=> In general, many different notions of LTC (Language and Thought Connection)

1. Kramsch

Language is used to express and create categories of thought, shared by members of a social group. Language is responsible for attitudes and beliefs.

2. LRT (Language and Relativity Theory)

A young field, it has not been explored until the 1990s when the field of Applied Linguistics (AL) explored it. There is a growing interest because of advances in Cognitive Linguistics (CL) and Linguistic Anthropology (LA).

3. Johann Herder & Wilhelm

Sins of society: Hard Times is one of the main novels by Charles Dickens, first published in 1854 during the Industrial Revolution and the Victorian Age. The term “Victorian” encompasses a quite particular historical connection, attaching an appropriate set of ideas, circumstances, values, and attitudes. Actually, the way in which the working classes were treated—their behaviors and the injustices they faced—was the reason why Charles Dickens mainly wrote about the sins of society.

Victorian Education and Social Control

The work mainly explains how both perspectives of education in the 19th century and the working class needed to be broadened and refined. Victorian education was understood as a means of both social control and individual... Continue reading "Social Injustice in Charles Dickens' Hard Times" »

Defining Stress: A Complex Reaction

Stress is a complex series of reactions, both psychological and physical, in response to demanding or threatening situations.

What Are Stressors? Events Causing Demands

Stressors are events that produce physical and psychological demands on a person.

Common Types of Stressors Categorized

Types of stressors include:

• Environmental: Such as heat, noise.
• Physiological: Such as drugs, tobacco.
• Emotional: Such as pressures, life events.

Signs of Being Stressed: Typical Manifestations

Typically, people who are stressed out may show signs such as:

• Eating too much food.
• Abusing substances.
• Having difficulty focusing attention, making decisions, or sleeping.

Key Human Responses to Stress

Responses to stress can be:

• Psychological
• Cognitive
• Emotional
• Behavioral

Selye'

The Four Subfields of Anthropology

The four subfields of anthropology - and how applied anthropology fits in:

1) Biological anthropology

2) Cultural anthropology

3) Linguistic anthropology

4) Archaeology

- Applied anthropology draws on information provided by the other four specialties.

Anthropology: Holistic and Comparative

Athropology as Holistic and Comparitive

Holistic: Anthropologists integrate all that is known about humans and their activities.

Comparative: Anthropologists examine similarities and differences between human societies.

Labwork vs Fieldwork

- Labwork involves spending time in a lab testing and analyzing, 

- Fieldwork typically involves an extended stay with a local community

The Concept of Culture

Culture Concept

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