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Social Exclusion and Poverty: An Abilities-Based Approach

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Exclusion and Poverty

Poverty and Inequality

Defining Poverty

Poverty is a complex issue with various dimensions:

  • Absolute Poverty: Lack of essential resources to meet basic needs like food, shelter, education, and healthcare.
  • Relative Poverty: Having an income level below the societal average, even if basic needs are met.
Measuring Poverty
  • Absolute Poverty: Establishing a fixed poverty line applicable to all locations.
  • Relative Poverty: Comparing a specific group's income to the rest of the population.

Poverty as a Lack of Ability

Poverty should be viewed as a deprivation of basic abilities, often linked to income. While income is a crucial factor, it's not the sole determinant of one's capabilities.

The Relationship Between Income and Ability

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Job Analysis and Performance Measurement in Industrial Psychology

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Job Analysis

Definition and Approaches

Job analysis is the process of defining a job in terms of its tasks or duties, and the knowledge or skills required to perform them. There are two main approaches to job analysis:

  • Job-oriented approaches: These approaches describe the various tasks that are performed in a job.
  • Worker-oriented approaches: These approaches examine the broad human behaviors involved in work activities.

KSAOs

KSAOs (knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics) are the attributes required for successful job performance.

Outcomes of Job Analysis

  • Job description: A statement of what jobholders do, how they do it, and why.
  • Job specifications: A delineation of the KSAOs necessary to perform a job.

Importance of Job Analysis

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Understanding Stress, Its Effects, and PTSD Symptoms

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Defining Stress: A Complex Reaction

Stress is a complex series of reactions, both psychological and physical, in response to demanding or threatening situations.

What Are Stressors? Events Causing Demands

Stressors are events that produce physical and psychological demands on a person.

Common Types of Stressors Categorized

Types of stressors include:

  • Environmental: Such as heat, noise.
  • Physiological: Such as drugs, tobacco.
  • Emotional: Such as pressures, life events.

Signs of Being Stressed: Typical Manifestations

Typically, people who are stressed out may show signs such as:

  • Eating too much food.
  • Abusing substances.
  • Having difficulty focusing attention, making decisions, or sleeping.

Key Human Responses to Stress

Responses to stress can be:

  • Psychological
  • Cognitive
  • Emotional
  • Behavioral

Selye'

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Anthropology: Subfields, Concepts, and Evolutionary Theory

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The Four Subfields of Anthropology

The four subfields of anthropology - and how applied anthropology fits in:

1) Biological anthropology
2) Cultural anthropology
3) Linguistic anthropology
4) Archaeology
- Applied anthropology draws on information provided by the other four specialties.

Anthropology: Holistic and Comparative

Athropology as Holistic and Comparitive

Holistic: Anthropologists integrate all that is known about humans and their activities.
Comparative: Anthropologists examine similarities and differences between human societies.

Labwork vs Fieldwork

Labwork vs Fieldwork
- Labwork involves spending time in a lab testing and analyzing, 
- Fieldwork typically involves an extended stay with a local community

The Concept of Culture

Culture Concept

-
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Understanding Antidepressant-Induced Sexual Dysfunction

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Sexual Functioning and Dysfunction

Sexual functioning is a complex process involving biological, psychological, emotional, and social factors. Sexual dysfunction is characterized by a disturbance in the sexual response cycle desire, arousal, excitement, orgasm, and resolution or by pain with sexual intercourse. It is commonly associated with many diseases, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, and drugs, particularly blood pressure medications, anti-ulcer drugs, alcohol, sedative/hypnotics, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants. Depression itself can cause decreased libido, diminished erectile function, and decreased sexual activity. All antidepressants can have sexual side effects.

Antidepressant-Induced Sexual Dysfunction

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My First Trimester in Physiotherapy: A New Adventure

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Choosing My Path

I wasn't sure how I ended up here. Before applying to university, I had to choose my preferred degrees, but I was lost. I considered three options: studying abroad with a basketball scholarship, pursuing a double degree in sports science, or studying physiotherapy. One day, I put physiotherapy as my first choice, and suddenly, I was about to start university.

A New Beginning

These first few months have been a completely new adventure. I remember the first day vividly—a silent room filled with nervous faces. Fortunately, we're a small group and quickly got to know each other. However, I've also realized that everyone is different, and there will always be people with whom you don't see eye to eye. This is perfectly normal; you... Continue reading "My First Trimester in Physiotherapy: A New Adventure" »

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Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Key Terms & Concepts

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Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

Key Terms and Concepts

ABA

Definition: Strives for accurate, reliable, and data-based interventions.

7 Dimensions of ABA

Applied: Focuses on socially significant behaviors.
Behavioral: Observes and measures the behavior of interest.
Analytic: Demonstrates a functional relationship between the intervention and behavior change.
Technological: Procedures are described clearly and precisely.
Conceptually Systematic: Interventions are based on behavioral principles.
Effective: Produces clinically significant behavior change.
Generalized: Behavior change occurs across different settings, people, and time.

Basic Concepts

Behavior: Any activity of a living organism.
Environment: Events or conditions that affect a person's behavior.... Continue reading "Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Key Terms & Concepts" »

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How to Write a Position Paper: Tips and Fallacies to Avoid

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Position Paper: Writer's Stand on an Issue

Intro: Define issue & discuss background, provide general statement

Body: Provide sufficient evidence, provide counter arguments

Conclusion: Suggest course of action, state paper's superiority, end w/strong statement

  1. Choose issue, should be current & relevant
  2. Perform in-depth research on the issue
  3. Define unfamiliar terms
  4. Be aware of different opinions on the issue
  5. Reflect on your position & identify weaknesses
  6. Cite valid & reliable sources
  7. View issue from different perspectives
  8. Limit paper to two pages

Where to put counter arguments:

  • Part of intro, before proposing thesis
  • As a section/paragraph after the intro
  • As a section/paragraph before conclusion

Construct counter argument:

  • Develop thesis &
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Essential Vocabulary for Career Success and Personal Growth

Classified in Psychology and Sociology

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Applications and Education

  • Apply: To make an application or request.
  • Applicant: The person or candidate eligible to apply or request something.
  • Claim: To demand, require something.
  • Drop out: To stop attending school or a course.
  • Get promoted, get a promotion: To advance in rank, dignity, position, etc.
  • Eventually: Finally, at some later time.
  • Career: Having a career, professional.
  • Degree: University studies.
  • Vocational training: Relating to applied educational courses concerned with skills needed for an occupation, trade, or profession.
  • Grades: Marks.
  • To graduate: A person who has received a degree or diploma on completing a course of study at a university, college, or school.
  • Wage: Salary.

Workplace and Personal Qualities

  • To blame: To say someone is responsible
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Cultural Anthropology of Love, Sex, and Marriage: Kinship, Family, and Reproduction

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Love, Sex, and Marriage: ANTH 3160

Identity and Culture

Identity is formed by social relationships. Introductions are a huge aspect of anthropology. Culture is symbolic, learned, and shared. It is based on clothing, symbols, and practices like marriage rings, which symbolize commitment. Culture is diverse because everyone learns differently. It is an embodied and ever-changing aspect of the contemporary world.

September 20th, 2016 - Second Day

Key Concepts:

  • Social Institutions
  • Social Structure
  • Social Reproduction
  • Ideology
  • Parenting and Social Class
  • Cultural Capital
  • Ethnocentrism: Judging other people's cultures by the standards of your own and labeling what is different as inferior.
  • Critical Cultural Relativism: Understanding people's cultures in terms
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