Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Primary education

Low-Shrinkage Crude Oil Properties

This crude oil type is characterized by quality lines that are closely spaced near the dewpoint curve in its phase diagram. The other associated properties of low-shrinkage crude oil include:

• Oil Formation Volume Factor: Less than 1.2 bbl/STB
• Gas-Oil Ratio (GOR): Less than 200 scf/STB
• Oil Gravity: Less than 35° API
• Color: Black or deeply colored

Volatile Crude Oil Characteristics

Volatile crude oil exhibits quality lines that are close together near the bubblepoint and become more widely spaced at lower pressures. This crude oil type is commonly characterized by a high liquid shrinkage immediately below the bubblepoint, as illustrated in Figure 1-7.

Other characteristic properties of volatile crude oil include:

• Oil

Letters to Magazines or Newspapers

Film Review
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to complain about your review of the film Happy Ever After. I believe it gave the wrong impression, and I’d like to provide readers with an alternative opinion. Firstly, there were several errors in the review. For example, it said the main character was a teenager, whereas she was actually in her twenties. More importantly, however, the review suggested that this was a silly film that only very young people would like. In fact, my friends and I, who are in our late teens, really enjoyed it. To sum up, I would tell your readers not to be put off by your review. This is an entertaining film – watch it and decide for yourself. Yours faithfully, (117)

Emails
Opinion on

Globalization

Markets and companies tend to spread around the world, reaching a dimension that overtakes the national borders, and that is globalization. It is achieved through the exchange of goods, services, information, knowledge, and culture. Due to technology and its advances, communications, science, transports, and industry, globalization has grown faster in the last few years.

According to the World Bank, it is important to know that economic globalization is not a new tendency, but it has always existed in the history of humanity. In fact, what we currently know as developed countries was formed at the end of the nineteenth century.

According to the World Bank, the international economic integration pace sped up in the 80s and 90s decades,... Continue reading "Understanding Globalization: Impact, History, and Future" »

Understanding Lateral Sounds

A lateral sound is an L-like consonant in which the airstream proceeds along the sides of the tongue but is blocked by the tongue from going through the middle of the mouth. Most commonly, the tip of the tongue makes contact with the upper teeth or the alveolar ridge just behind the teeth.

Exploring Approximant Sounds

Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other, but not with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow. This class of sounds includes:

• Lateral approximants like [l] (as in less)
• Non-lateral approximants like [ɹ] (as in rest)
• Semivowels like [j] and [w] (as in yes and west, respectively)

Defining Nasal Consonants and Their Production

Nasals are occlusive... Continue reading "English Speech Sounds: Consonant & Vowel Classification" »

Vowels and Consonants

A vowel is a sound produced without any closure in the mouth or throat. There's no obstruction in the buccal cavity. A consonant, conversely, involves at least one stoppage of airflow during vocalization.

Places of Articulation

The place of articulation describes where the obstruction occurs in the vocal tract. It's the point of contact between an active articulator (usually part of the tongue) and a passive articulator (typically part of the roof of the mouth).

• Bilabial: Both lips.
• Labio-dental: Upper lip and upper front teeth.
• Dental: Tongue tip/blade and upper front teeth.
• Alveolar: Tongue tip/blade and alveolar ridge.
• Post-alveolar: Tongue blade and back of the alveolar ridge.
• Palatal: Tongue front and hard palate.
• Velar: Tongue

Gothic Art: Origins and Characteristics

Gothic Art flourished from the middle of the 12^th century until the 15^th century, and in some places, the 16^th century. This style of Medieval art originated in France, evolving out of the Romanesque style.

Gothic art was strongly criticized in the 15^th century. It was initially criticized by French authors before becoming a recognized form of art, and the terminology became fixed. The word “Gothic” for art is synonymous with “barbaric” and was used pejoratively. Art critics then taught it was undefined and too remote. Gothic was also known as “Opus Modernum.” The term “Gothic” was first coined for architecture.

Gothic Architecture: Lightness and Structural Grace

Gothic architecture moved... Continue reading "Gothic Art and Architecture: Medieval Style Innovations" »

Renaissance Art: Masters and Styles

Italian Renaissance

Sculpture

• Donatello: Revived the classical Greco-Roman style of sculpture that was realistic and could be viewed from all sides. Donatello's David was the first free-standing human sculpture in this period.
• Michelangelo: Painter, sculptor, architect, and poet. Characteristics: Realism, details of the human body, expression, emotion. His works: Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel with biblical images of amazing detail, beauty, and power. Creation of Man, Pieta was his most important sculpture.
• Leonardo da Vinci: Painter and sculptor. Characteristics: Incredible realism, emotion, depth, details, expression. His works: The Last Supper shows Jesus' last meeting with the 12 apostles before the crucifixion.

Environmental Awareness in Spain

The environment is a widely discussed topic in Spain, and for good reason. We all share a responsibility to protect our planet. Here are some simple actions we can take to make a difference:

1. Proper Waste Disposal: Sort and dispose of waste in designated containers to facilitate recycling and reduce pollution in our rivers and ecosystems.
2. Sustainable Transportation: Opt for public transport, cycling, or walking for short trips to minimize air pollution caused by vehicle emissions, which harm the ozone layer.
3. Water Conservation: Conserve water by turning off the tap while brushing our teeth and being mindful of our water usage in general.
4. Reduce Plastic Consumption: Choose reusable cloth bags over plastic bags, which

Food

F, F, T

A Town B Eat C Stop

1. Yes, I love travelling
2. It depends on the weather
3. I broke my leg
4. Children are complicated
5. What would you do?
6. I would go to USA
7. I don't think so

1. I can't understand how you could be happy with two TV channels. I need a lot of channels.

2. I can't concentrate because the music I am listening to is very quiet.

3. I agree with you. I think it is boring.

4. Mary, you should come to the school trip. You will have a good time.

In my opinion, a healthy life is to eat healthy food every day, although sometimes you can eat fast food. Healthy food for me is meat, fish, vegetables, eggs, milk, and fruit. I think that we should avoid eating a lot of sugar and salt. In addition, people should do exercise every day to have fun. For example,... Continue reading "Importance of Healthy Eating and Exercise for a Fun-filled Life" »