Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Primary education

Product Strategy Options

• Differentiation: Shouldice Hospital
• Low Cost: Taco Bell
• Rapid Response: Toyota

Product Life Cycles

Introduction: Fine Tuning

Focus on research, product development, process modification, and supplier development.

Growth

Product design begins to stabilize; effective forecasting of capacity becomes necessary.

Maturity

Competitors are established; high-volume, innovative production may be needed; improved cost control is essential.

Decline

Unless the product makes a special contribution to the organization, you must plan to terminate the offering.

Product by Value Analysis

Lists products in descending order of their individual dollar contribution to the firm.

New Product Opportunities

1. Understanding the customer
2. Economic change
3. Sociological

Simple Sentences(1MC)

Mary and Samantha took the bus.

Joe waited for the train.

Compound Sentences(2 OR MORE MC connected by conjunctions: and or but)

Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, and they left on the bus before I arrived.

Mary and Samantha left on the bus before I arrived, so I did not see them at the bus station.

A Complex Sentence(1 mc + 1 or more subordinate c)

Because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, I did not see them at the station.

I did not see them at the station because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon.

Compound-Complex Sentence(2 mc + 1 or more subordinate c)

Kate doesn’t like cartoons because they are loud, so she doesn’t watch them.

As I put my coat on, I looked... Continue reading "Types of Sentences and Grammatical Functions" »

Understanding Bonds and Debt Instruments

Bonds are debt instruments where an investor loans a company money; the firm promises to repay the loan plus pay interest. Firms issue bonds to raise money for expansion.

• Bonds pay interest, while stocks typically pay dividends.
• Bonds often offer a guaranteed rate of return and are generally considered less risky than stocks.
• Bonds are typically sold in increments of $1,000.

Investment Companies and Market Trading

Investment companies facilitate the buying and selling of securities in open markets.

Mutual Funds: Pooled Investment Vehicles

A mutual fund is a type of investment that pools money from many investors and uses it to make investments based on a stated investment objective. Each shareholder participates... Continue reading "Understanding Bonds and Mutual Funds: Investment Strategies" »

Understanding Insurance Risk

Risk is involved in any situation in which some kind of loss or misfortune is possible. These can include:

• Financial: Loss of savings due to catastrophe.
• Physical: Health, welfare, or inability to secure income.
• Material: Home, vehicle, or property.

What is Insurance?

Insurance: Provides compensation for loss and spreads the cost of sharing risk.

When to Purchase Insurance

Purchase insurance when the probability of loss is small but the cost of loss is devastating. For example, restaurants typically don't insure plates because the loss is small, whereas Florida houses are often not insured due to the high probability of hurricanes.

Key Insurance Terminology

Premiums: Periodic payments for an insurance policy.

Insurance Policy:

1. How would you characterize public and private law?

Public law deals with issues that affect the general public or state, society as a whole. Including Administrative law, Constitutional laws, Criminal laws, Municipal laws and International laws.

On the other hand, private law affects the rights and obligations of individuals, families, businesses and small groups and exists to assist citizens in disputes that involve private matters, which includes Contract law, Tort law - rights, obligations and remedies provided to someone who has been wronged by another individual, Property law, Succession law - governs the transfer of an estate between parties And Family law.

2. Which are the major branches of private law?

Private law deals with the mutual... Continue reading "Understanding Public and Private Law: Major Branches and Functions" »

Road Curve Geometry and Calculations

Note: D is not Delta (Δ).

(Culverts used in road construction should be at least 15 inches in diameter.)

Determining Degree of Curve (D)

When choosing D, round the result to the closest number divisible by 4.

• D = External (E) of a one-degree curve / Desired E
• D = Tangent (T) of a one-degree curve / Desired T
• D = 100 * Delta (Δ) / Desired Length (L)
• D = (Radius * Degree) / R

Curve Formulas

• Radius (R): R = 5729.65 / D
• Tangent (T): T = (T of 1 degree curve, using Δ) / D
• External (E): E = (External, using Δ) / D
• Length (L): L = (100 * Δ) / D
• Long Chord (LC): LC = 2R * sin(Δ / 2)

Stationing and Layout

• PC Station: PI - T

  *Nomenclature Example: 6+55.55 should be expressed as 655.55*

• PT Station: PC + L
• Deflection Angle: Deflection

Core Traits of Philosophers

• Lovers of wisdom
• Seekers of truth
• Reasonable
• Critically minded
• Questioning
• Curious
• Objective

Philosophers are generally *not* selfish, closed-minded, pessimistic, reckless individuals, or uninterested.

What is Wisdom?

Wisdom is the ability to use knowledge and intelligence for practical purposes.

Key Fields of Philosophy

• The study of ultimate reality: Metaphysics
• The limits of human knowledge: Epistemology
• The science of reasoning: Logic
• The study of morals: Ethics
• The study of society: Social/Political Philosophy
• The study of values: Axiology
• The study of beauty and art: Aesthetics

Etymology of Philosophy

• Philos ("love") + Sophia ("wisdom")

Stoicism

Key Figures in Stoicism

• Founder of Stoicism, taught in Athens: Zeno
• Created the system

Understanding the Church and Sacraments

The Four Marks of the Church

• One: Unity in Faith

  We are bound together, united in Christ.

• Holy: Sacredness and Divine Presence

  We are sacred, bringing God into ourselves.

• Catholic: Universal Reach

  Universal; encompassing all people and places.

• Apostolic: Tracing Our Roots

  Our roots trace back to the very beginning, to the Apostles.

Dimensions of Church Sacraments

• Memorial: Remembering God's Presence

  Sacraments help us remember that God is present with us at all times and has acted for our benefit in the past.

• Celebration: Worship and Thanksgiving

  All seven sacraments are rituals that give worship and thanks to God.

• Communion: Connection with Christ and Community

  • Christ and the Church
  • Other Catholics
  • People throughout the

TRANSITION WORDS - ANSWERS

REASONS

• The film star wore dark glasses SO NOBODY recognized him.
• You should take your car to the mechanic BECAUSE it may break down.
• The trains didn’t operate DUE TO a heavy snowfall
• She was imprisoned SINCE her accomplice made a full confession to the police.
• The thief didn’t want to leave any fingerprints SO he wore gloves.
• The show was cancelled BECAUSE OF her illness.
• The judge didn’t send him to jail DUE TO HIS YOUTH.
• The five-cent coin looks very Canadian SINCE it has a picture of a beaver on it.

CONTRAST

• ALTHOUGH The book is very long, I’m going to try to read it before next week.
• DESPITE THE FACT THAT HE CAUSED the problem, she’s the one who solved it.
• EVEN THOUGH Volkswagen cars are cheap, they last a long