Wilson's 14 Points and the Treaty of Versailles
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Wilson's 14 points:
- Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at
- Freedom of the seas
- The removal so far as possible of all economic barriers
- The reduction of national armaments to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety
- Impartial adjustment of all colonial claims
- The evacuation of all Russian territory
- The evacuation and restoration of Belgium
- The liberation of France and return to her of Alsace and Lorraine
- Readjustment of the frontiers of Italy to conform to clearly recognizable lines of nationality
- The peoples of Austria-Hungary should be accorded the freest opportunity of autonomous development
- Evacuation of occupation forces from Romania, Serbia and Montenegro; Serbia should be accorded free and secure access to the sea
- Autonomous development for the non-Turkish peoples of the Ottoman empire; free passage of the Dardanelles to the ships and commerce of all nations
- An independent Poland to be established, with free and secure access to the sea
- A general association of nations to be formed to guarantee to its members political independence and territorial integrity (the genesis of the League of Nations)
- Treaty of Versailles
The main terms of the Versailles Treaty were:
(1) The surrender of all German colonies as League of Nations mandates.
(2) The return of Alsace-Lorraine to France.
(3) Cession of Eupen-Malmedy to Belgium, Memel to Lithuania, the Hultschin district to Czechoslovakia.
(4) Poznania, parts of East Prussia and Upper Silesia to Poland.
(5) Danzig to become a free city;
(6) Plebiscites to be held in northern Schleswig to settle the Danish-German frontier.
(7) Occupation and special status for the Saar under French control.
(8) Demilitarization and a fifteen-year occupation of the Rhineland.
(9) German reparations of £6,600 billion.
(10) A ban on the union of Germany and Austria.
(11) An acceptance of Germany's guilt in causing the war.
(12) Provision for the trial of the former Kaiser and other war leaders.
(13) Limitation of Germany's army to 100,000 men with no conscription, no tanks, no heavy artillery, no poison-gas supplies, no aircraft and no airships;
(14) The German navy was allowed six pre-dreadnought battleships and was limited to a maximum of six light cruisers (not exceeding 6,100 tons), twelve destroyers (not exceeding 810 tons and twelve torpedo boats (not exceeding 200 tons) and was forbidden submarines.