Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Primary education

English Vocabulary Builder

Essential Words and Phrases

Verbs

Action Verbs

• Blow up: explode
• Wipe out: make everything disappear/eliminate
• Wrap up: envelop
• Carry out: llevar a cabo
• Collide with/Crash into: estrellar/chocar
• Pick up: recoger/ir a buscar
• Put off: postpone
• Take off: quitarse una prenda/despegar
• Call off: cancel
• Catch on: understand
• Work out: find out
• Try out: try

Phrasal Verbs

• Show someone the ropes: explain to someone how to do an activity
• Pull your weight: work as hard as other people
• Hire: contratar/alquilar
• Break down: romperse
• Deal with: tratar con
• Slack off: vaguear
• Share profits: compartir las ganancias
• Dare: atreverse
• Take for granted: no saber valorar
• Take sides: tomar partido
• Run wild: descontrolarse
• Run short of: quedarse sin
• Run an errand: hacer

Design of Webpages

There are 2 distinct phases:

• Layout: it organizes written and multimedia spaces and contents.
• Interface: is the set of commands and methods that facilitate the interaction between the user and the system

We cannot move ahead with the creation of a web page without knowing what we want to show, the topic and the quantity of information that we will put in it. We shall also decide the title of the web page, its header and its logo, since they will give a sensation of continuity and greater professionalism.

CMS

The Content Management Systems (CMS) are applications installed on the server that enable us the creation of dynamic web pages and allow us to design the site independently of the content. When we administer a CMS, we define... Continue reading "Webpage Design and Security Threats" »

Introduction

Irregular verbs are verbs that do not follow the regular pattern of verb conjugation. In English, there are many irregular verbs, and they can be challenging for learners to master. This guide will provide a comprehensive overview of irregular verbs in English, including their present tense, past tense, and participle forms.

Present Tense

The present tense of irregular verbs is used to describe actions or states that are happening now. The following table lists the present tense forms of some common irregular verbs:

| Verb | Present Tense | |---|---| | Be | am, is, are | | Become | become | | Begin | begin | | Break | break | | Bring | bring | | Build | build | | Buy | buy | | Catch | catch | | Come | come | | Cost | cost | | Do |... Continue reading "Irregular Verbs in English: A Comprehensive Guide" »

Data Source and Currency

This comprehensive table presents detailed information on the minimum wage in various countries. The data is sourced from Eurostat, and the currency used is the euro.

Notable Changes

It is noteworthy that some countries have experienced minor adjustments to their minimum wage, such as Montenegro, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands.

Highest and Second-Highest Minimum Wages

Luxembourg boasts the highest minimum wage globally, at one thousand four hundred and ninety-eight point forty-seven euros. Ireland follows closely with a minimum wage of one thousand six hundred and thirteen point ninety-five euros.

Ireland's Minimum Wage Trend

Ireland has witnessed a significant increase in its minimum wage over the years. Just four years... Continue reading "Minimum Wage Comparison Across Countries" »

English Vocabulary

Compound Adjectives

• Badly-dressed
• Fair-skinned
• Big-headed
• Free-spirited
• Blue-eyed
• Fun-loving
• Curly-haired
• Good-looking
• Easy-going
• Self-confident

Places and Lifestyles

• Dangerous - Safe
• Busy - Quiet
• Unfriendly - Welcoming
• Lively - Dull
• Green - Polluted
• Poor - Wealthy
• Historic - Modern
• Urban - Rural

Life Stages

• Grow up (in Spain)
• Fall in love (with someone)
• Get married (to someone)
• Leave home / school / university
• To / Degree / Of

Opinion, Belief, and Prediction

• How old do you reckon he is?
• Liam doubts your idea will work.
• Jane estimates she has spent $200.
• On the last question, I guessed the wrong answer.
• We can't predict what will happen next year.

Time Expressions

• I tried to explain... waste of time, they didn't...
• We finished our homework and spent the rest

• 28th June, 1914:

  Serb student, Gavrilo Princip, shoots Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife.

• 28th July, 1914:

  Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.

• 29th July, 1914:

  Due to its alliance, Russia mobilizes troops to defend Serbia.

• 1st of August, 1914:

  Germany declares war on Russia.

• 2nd of August, 1914:

  France declares war on Germany to help Russia.

• 3rd August, 1914:

  Germany declares war on France.

• 4th August, 1914:

  Germany invades neutral Belgium on its way to France. Great Britain declares war on Germany.

• 6th August, 1914:

  Austria-Hungary declares war on Germany.

• 7th August, 1914:

  Lord Kitchener calls for 100,000 men to join the British army to defend France and Belgium.

Fixed Costs

Fixed costs are not a function of the output. They do not vary with the output. They cannot be avoided until the operation of the firm is closed. They are contractual (prime).

Recurring and Non-Recurring Costs

• Recurring: Predetermined expenses for running the business, e.g., salaries, repairs, maintenance.
• Non-Recurring: Not predetermined, regular budgeting, e.g., repair of a machine. Sometimes it is also planned.

Cost Estimation

Cost estimation is the process of finding an estimate, an approximation of a value, which will be used for some purpose, though it is completely uncertain and unstable. Estimation is typically a value from statistics used to estimate the value of a corresponding population parameter.

Learning Curve

The learning... Continue reading "Cost Estimation and Management Decision Areas in Business" »

Hypotech - Elements: Subjective. Hypothecor and Hypothecee

Capacity. The constituent has to be the owner of the unmovable and the right to dispose of it. Objective: The thing has to be free of any other charge and can guarantee any type of obligation. Formal: Written agreement (obligation/sum of money covered.) Notarial deed and registration (Constitutive effect in SP, UK, GER, and Dutch).

The owner of the thing (debtor) remains the possessor of the thing and can use (civiliter use), enjoy, dispose and even burden it. The hypothec can be modified.

Retention of Title: Elements: Subjective.

Seller and buyer. Objective: Assets. Formal: Written and accepted special document (FR and BEL) versus no special document - adherence to the general agreement... Continue reading "Hypotech and Retention of Title: Elements, Objectives, and Formalities" »

Operating System Scheduling

1. The OS enables running multiple programs simultaneously. Several programs can reside in RAM concurrently, yet the CPU processes only one at a time. Only one process can be active at any given moment. CPUs are incredibly fast; even brief processing periods yield significant results. The OS determines the optimal method for switching between running, runnable, and waiting processes. It manages which process the CPU executes and distributes CPU access among processes. The task of determining when to switch processes is termed scheduling.

Disk Defragmentation

2. A disk defragmenter reorganizes files on a disk, ensuring they are stored contiguously. It arranges files on the disk into adjacent locations. This enhances... Continue reading "Understanding Operating Systems, Software, and Computer Hardware" »

Valencia, strengthening the presence of the Royal Council, as the main organ of justice and administration. This administration gained power in 'imposing and repealing' the laws. It became necessary to gather and compile all the regulations that had been developed. The compilation of the 'Autos Acordados' of 1723 and 1745.

A new philosophical current began to be introduced, in which the 'Reason' and the doctrine 'natural law' took on special relevance and represented the beginning of the separation between the Old Regime and a new system in which the real power, the feudal Church would have less prominence, in favor of national sovereignty, represented by their elected leaders from among them. The French Revolution of 1789 and the Declaration... Continue reading "Evolution of Justice Administration in Spain: 1723-1869" »