Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Physical Education

Food Preservation

Preserving food prevents microorganisms from changing the food's original characteristics, such as its appearance, smell, or taste, in order to keep the food safe to eat for a longer period of time.

Methods of Food Preservation

- Methods that use low temperatures

These methods are used to prevent the growth of microorganisms that thrive at room temperature. Refrigeration involves keeping foods at temperatures between 0°C and 4°C, and freezing consists of storing foods at or below -18°C.

- Methods that use high temperatures

Sterilisation or Uht processing is a processing is a process in which food is heated at a temperature of 135c for two or three seconds in order to destruyo all microorganism. This metido allows products... Continue reading "Food Preservation Methods and Additives" »

Fitness Club Member Communications

Fitness Club Inquiry Form: Tom Sawyer

Hello, my name is Tom Sawyer.

I'd like to focus on indoor cycling and running.

Although I sometimes do bodybuilding, I am currently not interested in pursuing this activity.

I can attend the fitness club every day from 6:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m.

Thank you.

Member Feedback and Facility Review

I enjoy lifting weights in the gym, and I also like practicing aerobics.

I have always been active in sports and require a routine of exercise every day, or at least five days a week. My primary fitness goal is consistent weight loss.

Facility Assessment

• I feel really happy here; I love sports.
• The gym facilities are amazing and very new.
• The pool is great; it's awesome!
• The staff are very friendly

The Presence of Sport on Television

Football Dominance in Spanish Media

A lot of sport appears on TV and in the news. In Spain, football is especially dominant, and less time is spent covering other sports. I don't think this imbalance is ideal.

Football is a sport that generates significant revenue, which is why it receives so much television coverage. I don't dislike the fact that many sports appear on TV. However, it would be better if several sports were featured prominently, not just one.

Furthermore, I believe there are many programs, series, and shows that complement or compensate for sports coverage. As far as I am concerned, sport needs to be on TV, just like any other type of program. It seems to me that the current amount of sports on... Continue reading "Sport in Modern Society: Media Coverage, Fitness, and Youth" »

The Olympic Games

The Olympic Games are an international sporting event celebrated every four years. They are organized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). All countries are invited to participate under two flags: their national flag and the Olympic flag, which is composed of five interconnected rings of different colors. Each ring represents one of the five continents.

Historical Periods

The Games are historically divided into two periods:

• The Ancient Olympic Games (776 BC - 393 AD)
• The Modern Olympic Games (1896 to present)

The Ancient Olympic Games

The Ancient Games were celebrated in Olympia, located on a Greek island called "Katakolon." To participate, athletes needed to meet three requirements:

1. Be Greek
2. Be a man (women were not allowed

Baseball: A Beginner's Guide

Description

Baseball is a team sport where two teams compete on a field. The objective is to score more points than the opposing team by running laps around the field. Each completed lap counts as one point.

Equipment

Ball

The baseball is a hard sphere with a core made of cork, surrounded by nylon, and covered with leather.

Bat

Bats can be made of either solid wood or aluminum. Wooden bats are heavier than aluminum bats, resulting in stronger hits but slower swings.

Gameplay

Game Duration

Baseball games do not have a time limit. A match can last for an hour, 1 hour and 30 minutes, or even 2 hours, depending on the players' performance and the score.

Innings

A baseball game consists of nine innings. Each inning is divided into... Continue reading "A Beginner's Guide to Baseball" »

WINDOW OPERATION TYPES

1. Single (pico del triangulo en el abridor)
2. Double casement
3. Bottom hung
4. Tilt and turn
5. Vertical pivot (rombo)
6. Horizontal pivot
7. Top hung
8. Fix
9. Sliding/folding
10. Horizontal sliding
11. Single bottom sash

WINDOW INSTALLATION ORDER

1. Dimension check
2. Frame placement, wedging
3. Alignment, adjustment
4. Wedging with two
5. Fastening
6. Sash installation
7. Removing the wedges
8. Sealing
9. Architraves

WALL

Window Arrangement with Thermal Insulation

Sketch top and side view (poner alfeizar/sill covering).

1. Frame extension behind TI
2. Frame extension in the middle of the wall
3. Dummy frame at the thermal insulation
4. Fastening frame window-wall connection

Wall Frame Sealing

1. Inside and outside
2. Sealing outside + foil inside
3. Foil inside and outside

FRAME

Stop. Frame-sash connection (triple stop)

1. External

Volleyball Match Rules and Scoring

Basic Scoring Principles

• You score a point when the opponent team cannot return the volleyball over the net or prevent it from touching the court surface.
• You do not need to have possession of the ball to score.
• The first team to score 25 points by a margin of two points wins the set.
• The team that wins three out of five sets wins the volleyball match.
• There is no time limit for a volleyball match.

Match Structure and Setup

• There are two-minute breaks between each set; teams switch court sides after each break.
• Team captains flip a coin to determine which side will serve first.
• Each team has six players on the court, typically arranged in two rows of three players.

Volleyball Faults

A fault occurs when:

• The ball is held,

Musculoskeletal System Fundamentals

Mnemonic Rule for Muscle Regions

Neumotecnica Rule: A system for classifying muscle groups based on location and primary action:

• Superior Region:
  • Anterior: Flexors
  • Posterior: Extensors
• Inferior Region:
  • Anterior: Flexors
  • Posterior: Extensors

Lower Limb Musculature

Knee Muscles

Quadriceps Femoris (Extensors):

1. Rectus Femoris (Straight)
2. Vastus Lateralis
3. Vastus Medialis (Vast Interior)
4. Vastus Intermedius (Crural)

Hamstrings (Flexors): Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, and Semimembranosus.

Ankle and Foot Muscles: Actions and Primary Movers

1. Plantar Flexion (Foot Away):
   • Gastrocnemius (External and Internal Twin)
   • Soleus
2. Dorsiflexion (Foot Up):
   • Tibialis Anterior
   • Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius
   • Extensor Digitorum Longus
   • Extensor Hallucis Longus
3. Eversion

Pelvis Lumbar Spine

Facet joint dysfunction—dislocation, subluxation, or degeneration of the facet. Localized pain over the facet, decrease in symptoms with the increase in activity Treatment options—injection (steroid to reduce inflammation), facetectomy (surgical resection of a vertebral facet).

Spondylopathies

Spondylolysis—defect in the pars interarticularis. “collared scotty dog”; localized low back pain that restricts extension. Spondylolisthesis—can be progression of spondylolysis. Separation of vertebra; “decapitated Scotty dog”. S&S: spondylolysis begins unilaterally. Pain and persistent aching, low back stiffness with increased pain after activity, frequent need to change position, full rom w/ some hesitation in regards... Continue reading "Pelvis Lumbar Spine: Facet Joint Dysfunction, Spondylopathies, and Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction" »