Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Physical Education

Base Jumping

You have all probably seen people jumping out of planes with parachutes, and thought - man, I could never do this!

Well, some people do not even need a plane to throw themselves down buildings or mountains. Base jumpers also use a parachute, but they, as the word suggests, actually jump from different objects. The BASE stands for Buildings, Antennas, Spans, and Earth. In this adrenaline-packed activity, people run off high towers or buildings and throw the parachute that they are holding in their hands.

Jallikattu

Tamil Nadu is one of the states in India. During the event of Pongal, which is a way the people say thanks to the harvests that feed them, they participate in bull-taming. Jallikattu is a sport that caused numerous reactions... Continue reading "The Four Most Dangerous Sports" »

Suffix

A suffix is a group of letters placed after the root of a word.

Example: Comfort = comfortable, Comic = comical, Beauty = beautiful, Strong = strongest, Big = bigger

Morpheme

Morphemes are the smallest meaningful unit of language.

Free Morphemes

Free morphemes can stand alone and carry basic meaning.

• Lexical: Carry the content or meaning of the message, such as nouns, adjectives, and verbs.
• Functional: Do not carry the content of a message but help the grammar of the sentence, such as conjunctions, prepositions, articles, and pronouns.

Bound Morphemes

Bound morphemes can't stand alone. They include prefixes and suffixes, which are added to the root word.

• Derivational: Change the meaning of the root word.
• Inflectional: Do not change the meaning but

Vocabulary

Principle of Stability and Its Uses in Sports

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Ans. i. Broad base of support: for greater stability increase the area of the base and lower the centre of gravity as much as is consistent with the activity involved. Examples:
a. a basketball player stops, spreads his feet wide as shoulder line and lowers his CG to dodge the opponent.
b. Defence position of the player in volleyball.   c. Wide stance of a golfer.     d. tackling position of a player in football.
ii. Stability is directly proportional to the weight of the body: the object or a person with heavy weight will have greater stability as compared to person with less weight.
Example: it is difficult to move a heavier person as compared to less heavier person.
On the basis of this... Continue reading "Stability and Motion in Sports: Principles and Applications" »

What is CrossFit?

CrossFit is a strength and total physical conditioning program. It is based on incrementing the ten most recognized physical capabilities, according to specialists in the fitness training field:

• Strength
• Flexibility
• Balance
• Respiratory-cardiac resistance
• Power
• Speed
• Agility
• Coordination
• Muscle resistance
• Precision

The Objective of CrossFit

The objective of CrossFit is to develop the maximum performance level in all of these physical capabilities, not to carry out a specific training program. This is why we usually say that CrossFit's specialty is not to specialize.

History of CrossFit

CrossFit was created by a gymnast during the 1990s. The first CrossFit gym opened in Santa Cruz, California, in 1995. The number of members grew from 18 in... Continue reading "CrossFit: Intense Workouts for Peak Physical Fitness" »

Pathway 2: Glycolysis Anaerobic Lactic- Glycolysis is the second energy pathway. ATP produced during Glycolysis allows an athlete to engage in medium-term physical activity usually lasting from 1-3 minutes (from 15 seconds - 3 minutes).

• Medium Term sports would include a shift in a hockey game, 400 or 800 meter track event.

  Since glucose is plentiful in the body, Glycolysis is an ideal backup to the short-lived ATP production provided by ATP-PC system. During the process of Glycolysis, glucose is partially broken down in an 11-step biochemical process to yield twice as much ATP! How? Glycolysis transfers energy from the breakdown of glucose to ADP which it uses to rejoin to phosphate to make ATP. Like ATP-PC, Glycolysis does not require O2. ATP

Physical Fitness Fundamentals

Physical fitness enables daily physical activity without excessive fatigue. It comprises four key components, often called the four "S's": Strength, Stamina (or endurance), Speed, and Suppleness (or flexibility). In Spanish, these are known as "Capacidades Físicas Básicas".

1. Endurance or Stamina

Endurance is the ability to exercise continuously for extended periods without tiring. It's crucial for health, quality of life, and many sports, such as marathons. Regular stamina training benefits the cardiovascular system.

There are two main types of stamina based on energy usage:

• Aerobic Stamina: Enables low-intensity activities over long periods, with sufficient oxygen supply to muscles.
• Anaerobic Stamina: Enables high-

Polyhedron

A solid bounded by at least four polygonal faces.

Face

A polygonal surface of a solid figure.

Vertex of a Polyhedron

The point at which three or more edges meet.

Edge

A line segment where two faces of a polyhedron meet.

Diagonal of a Polyhedron

A line segment joining two vertices that are not on the same face.

Prisms

Polyhedra bounded by two parallel polygonal faces and several parallelogram faces. The side edges are all parallel and equally long.

The Height of the Prism

Perpendicular distance between the two parallel faces.

Right Prisms

A prism is a right prism if the sides are rectangles (or squares). In right prisms, the side edges are perpendicular to the bases. If the sides are not rectangles (rhomboids, for example), it is an oblique... Continue reading "Understanding Polyhedra: Definitions, Types, and Properties" »

Dear Josep Bartomeu,

I am writing to you concerning the event that my company will organize.

We want the Futbol Club Barcelona to be our main sponsor and thus attract more fans to both companies.

We kindly request you to allow us to use Camp Nou to organize a soccer game between players, as sports are the main focus of our company.

In appreciation of your collaboration, we will feature Barça as the main team in the game.

Thank you again for your support. Should you have any questions regarding event details, please contact me by phone.

Yours faithfully,