Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Philosophy and ethics

Exclusive Possession and the Bruton Tenancy

In the case of Bruton v London and Quadrant Housing Trust, a non-proprietary lease was granted based on exclusive possession, even though the landlord did not have a legal estate in the land and was only a licensee. Martin Dixon, in his evaluation of Bruton, stated that a non-proprietary lease based on exclusive possession is actually a licence. However, the House of Lords was trying to protect the occupiers under a lease, therefore establishing this concept.

Nonetheless, despite having exclusive possession, many still do not acquire a lease in situations such as:

• Family circumstances, due to the absence of an intention to create legal relations.
• Employees who only have exclusive possession as a requirement

Chapter 1
What are some of the reasons the world is increasingly threatening, according to Paul and Elder? (p. 3)
A world in which national mass media gain more and more power over the minds of people.
A world in which increasing numbers of civilians find themselves trapped in the crossfire of warring groups and ideologies.
A world in which privacy is increasingly penetrated by multiple invasive technologies: face-recognition software, DNA testing, e-mail review systems, credit card tracking, and auto-tracking systems.
Why is a complex world a problem for critical thinking? (p. 6)
Much of our thinking, left to itself, is biased, distorted, partial, uninformed, or downright prejudiced. Critical thinking begins, then, when we start thinking about...

Causal Law

Scientific law that establishes a relationship between phenomena in such a way that if the phenomenon considered to be a cause takes place, the phenomenon that is considered to be an effect will also take place.

Cause

Event or action capable of producing or originating another different event, which is referred to as effect. Given that the cause of an event allows to explain a certain effect, the term is also used to refer to the reason for its taking place.

Chaos

Amorphous, undefined state that was supposed to occur before the cosmos existed. If the term “cosmos” refers to the ordered Universe, in Greek mythology the term “chaos” refers to the state of disarray that precedes the formation of the Universe. The term then evolved...

Contract Term and Length

The length of your agreement with the music manager is a good place to start. You will need to agree upon a term and a contract cancellation policy. A fair contract term is a one-year agreement, with an option to extend at the end of the year if both parties agree. At that point, you can look at negotiating longer agreements, but a one-year term is a good trial period for both parties. Be sure your contract specifies how both parties can leave the deal.

Exclusivity

The manager will be exclusive to the artist. This means the artist may not hire anyone else to act in the same capacity, with the same authority, or to provide the same services as the manager. However, the artist retains the right to hire:

• A lawyer for legal

Principle of Utility

The principle of utility states that actions or behaviors are right in so far as they promote happiness or pleasure, wrong as they tend to produce unhappiness or pain. Hence, utility is a teleological principle.

Act Utilitarianism

Act utilitarianism is a utilitarian theory of ethics which states that a person's act is morally right if and only if it produces the best possible results in that specific situation.

Rule Utilitarianism

Rule utilitarianism is a form of utilitarianism that says an action is right as it conforms to a rule that leads to the greatest good, or that 'the rightness or wrongness of a particular action is a function of the correctness of the rule of which it is an instance'.

Euthanasia

Euthanasia (from Greek:...

Analyze: To study something in detail 

Core Bioethical Principles

Moral Progress and Scientific Advancement

There is no possible scientific progress without moral progress too.

The Unity of the Human Person

Each human being is a biological, spiritual, and moral unity. What truly differentiates persons from other living beings is our capacity to behave morally.

Primacy of Human Life

The Belmont Report outlines general bioethical principles. A key principle is the primacy of present and real human life above any other interest or value. This also implies the respect for human dignity.

Understanding Human Dignity

The origin and foundation of the duty of absolute respect for human life are to be found in the dignity proper to the person, and not simply in the natural inclination to preserve...

What was life like for children among the Puritans?

What was expected of them and what kinds of things were they banned from doing? How were they disciplined for misbehavior?

They had to follow the same strict code as adults, such as doing chores, attending church services, and repressing individual differences. They weren’t allowed to show any form of emotion and stay ignorant. The punishment would be physical, such as whipping.

What factors contributed to the instability of life in Salem Village?

Salem is a community on the outskirts (in the wilderness), just hanging on. Woods could conceal Indians or the Devil himself. Their charter was revoked, rigid religious practices, belief in predestination, misogyny, gossip, land disputes, and resentment...