Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Philosophy and ethics

1)Which is the key concept of Socratic ethics?

His ethics around truth and good, the notion of good is a political category, not merely on individual one. This means that the good is what suits the polis or city, not this or that particular citizen. However, Socrates is aware of the need to limit this concept in a context in which the disparity of interests and expections leads to contradictory views about it. This is the meaning of the pedagogical work that will develop throughout his life and culminate with his sacrifice in favour of the laws of Athens. (His death sentence)

1. Which is the difference between selfish good and political good?
2. The knowledge of good precedes it’s application in the practical and political sphere: once the good is

Act-utilitarianism is an utilitarian theory. It is the belief that an action becomes morally right when it produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Utilitarianism is a theory developed by John Stuart Mill, who was one of the most influential figures in the history of classical liberalism. Mill was a proponent of Utilitarianism, which is known as an ethical philosophy or idea in which the happiness of the greatest number of people in the society is considered the greatest good.//

Utilitarianism is also a version of Consequentialism, which is a theory that the moral/ethical rightness of an action depends on the consequences of an action. The moral status of an act is determined solely by its consequences. According to the... Continue reading "Action disvalue" »

Elenchus (Socratic Method):

a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue between individuals, based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to draw out ideas and underlying presuppositions.

Philosophy:

An attitude of critical thoughtfulness concerning highly fundamental and general beliefs

Deductive Argument:

Attempts to show that a conclusion necessarily follows the premises

Validity vs. Soundness:

Validity is a deductive argument which the conclusion cannot be false if the premises are true, whereas soundness combines both validity and true premises

Inductive Argument:

Attempts to provide reasons for the truth of the conclusion, the conclusion states more than what is contained in the premises, universal conclusion.

Glaucon’s

It is claimed that money is the only thing that motivates entrepreneurs

I can clearly say that entrepreneurs have different types of motivations. Some of them are related to the desire to earn money and others with the illusion of turning your dream into reality.

At present, the development of new companies has become very fashionable. With this, many entrepreneurs dream of becoming the next millionaire genius like Mark Zuckerberg. They also dream of traveling by private jet, partying in Las Vegas and having a Ferrari.

Although money is a great motivator and is very necessary to boost entrepreneurs, recent research concludes that people who only seek to earn money have a personality more prone to individualism, lack of willingness to work in teams... Continue reading "Motivations of Entrepreneurs: Beyond Money" »

Analyze: To study something in detail 

Specific Characteristics of Modern Science

Experimentation

Galileo Galilei introduced a significant shift in the scientific method by emphasizing the crucial role of observation and experimentation. Recognizing that certain hypotheses could not be observed in everyday life, he advocated for creating controlled "ideal situations" through experiments to confirm or refute them.

Mathematization

Galileo firmly believed that nature operates according to regularities that can be expressed using mathematical functions. This emphasis on mathematization became a cornerstone of modern science, contrasting with earlier approaches to physics. By quantifying reality, scientists could avoid the subjectivity and ambiguity inherent in everyday language.

Scientific

U11: Count on

to be confident that you can depend on someone. Fall out: to argue with someone and stop being friendly with them. Finish with: to end a romantic relationship with someone. go off: to stop linking or being interested in someone or something. Hit it off: people hit it off, they like each other and become friendly immediately. let down: to disappoint someone by failing to do what you agreed to do or were expected to do. look down on: to think that you are better than someone. look up to: to admire and respect someone. stick together: people stick together, they support and help each other. take after: to be similar to an older member of you family in appearance or character. Compound adjectives: Badly behaved: behaving in a way that... Continue reading "English Phrasal Verbs and Compound Adjectives" »

What is an Insurance Policy

It's a contract of agreement between the insurer and the policy holder. It contains the terms and conditions.

The insurer agrees to cover the losses, if they occur, in return for premium payments.

Principles

• Principle of Insurable Interest: You can't insure anything that is not in your name. You can only insure something that, if something bad happens to it, you incur losses.
• Principle of Indemnity: The insurer will only return you the current value of the loss, they will pay you the current value of the object right before the incident, not the original price.
• Principle of Subrogation: Your insurance company pays the money and then they ask for the money from the company that has to pay.
• Principle of Contribution: When

1. common law: interpretation throught past decisions of higher courts wich interpert the same statues, applies customary law principles to similar facts, not all inclusive, ownership is by use
2. codelaw: legal system is commercial, civil and criminal, ownership by registration
3. islamic law: the interpretation of koran, complete sytem for propert rights, economics decision, type of economic freedom, prohibition for payment of interest,emphasis on ethical, moral,social
4. conciliation: formal or informal, private adn confidential, statements may not be disclosed, signature is recorded
5. arbitration: disinterested parties as referees, formally conducted, enfoceable under the law
6. litigation: fear o creating a poor image, unfair treatment in a freign court, difficulty