Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Philosophy and ethics

• Philosophy

  This term means love of wisdom. It is not so much a body of acquired knowledge, but rather a desire for knowledge that gives us a global understanding of reality. It is very difficult to define philosophy because the question of its meaning is also a philosophical question. This is why there is no one definition of philosophy that can be universally accepted. Some of the characteristics of philosophy are an enthusiasm to discover universality, a critical attitude, and a radical approach to finding the basis of the claims it produces. Philosophy can be divided further, and some of the most important areas of it are: metaphysics, epistemology, anthropology, ethics, aesthetics, and political philosophy.

• Renaissance

  This cultural moment

Philosophy:

Philosophy: Is a critical examination of reality characterized by rational inquiry that aims at the Truth for the sake of attaining wisdom. The etymology of the word is derived from two Greeks words: philo (love) and sophia (wisdom), literally means the loves of wisdom.

Wisdom is the proper understanding about nature of reality, a person is wise if he has a correct understanding about how things actually are and lives his lives accordingly. The philosopher seeks the truth to all people at all times, because it is not restricted to individual perceptions of what is true or false. Philosophy asks us to be able to justify why we hold these opinions, feelings or beliefs, we need to support our views using rather than emotions.Is not:... Continue reading "Understanding Philosophy: The Pursuit of Wisdom and Truth" »

Understanding Key Insurance Types and Business Support

Essential Insurance Coverage

Insurance provides crucial financial protection against various risks. Key types of personal insurance include:

Life Insurance

In life insurance, the life of the person is insured. The insured must pay a certain fee as a premium, which depends upon the age of the insured. In case of death, the payment of the premium is stopped, and the legal heirs or the nominated person by the insured receive the amount insured.

Accident Insurance

Losses arising out of accidents are covered under personal accident insurance. Accidental loss includes death, severe injury, partial, or total disablement.

Property Insurance

Loss arising out of damage to personal property is covered under... Continue reading "Essential Insurance Coverage and Chamber of Commerce Roles" »

Main Features of Philosophy

Philosophy is a radical “Why?”. It faces the basis of our world and existence. “Radical” means everything can be put into question, even philosophy itself (its own foundation). There are no prejudices allowed. For philosophy, nothing is taken for granted.

• Rational: No dogmas are allowed; it is based on logical arguments and experience.
• Systematic: Its assertions are related and hierarchical, ordered systematically without contradictions.
• Critical: Everything has to be examined by reason, even the simplest thing.

Philosophy is a problematizing discipline. Its value lies in its peculiar way of addressing problems more than in how it solves them. The questions, more than its answers, are valuable. It is a universalist

Public Speaking

A Well-Structured Talk

• Thorough subject knowledge
• Smart and professional appearance
• Careful preparation
• Good eye contact
• An enthusiastic attitude
• Strong voice
• Creative use of visuals
• Expansive body language

Transitional Phrases

• To start off, then
• To move on to my next point
• To go back to what I was saying
• To turn now to a different matter
• To say a bit more about that
• To give you an example of what I mean
• To digress for a moment
• To sum up, then

Techniques to Maximize Voice Use

• Rhetorical questions
• Dramatic contrast
• Tripling
• Repetition
• Simplification
• Emphasis
• Softening
• Machine gunning

Ethical Business Practices

Key Terms

• Ethical: Relating to beliefs about what is morally right and wrong.
• Activist: A person who believes strongly in political or social change

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism is the false idea that nature legitimises the oppression of the socially weaker by the stronger. It is based on the Darwinian theory of evolution, which states that the fittest individuals survive and reproduce. However, Social Darwinism ignores the fact that humans are not simply animals, and that we have developed moral and ethical values that prevent us from acting in a purely selfish manner.

The Role of Aggression and Violence in the Evolution of Species

Aggression among members of the same species is fundamental for the conservation of the species. For example, fighting between rivals helps to determine who is the strongest and most fit to reproduce. In the case of humans, aggression has also played a role... Continue reading "Philosophical Implications of Evolutionism" »

Stone Age Questions and Answers

Short Questions and Answers

• Which describes one way that early hunter-gatherers got food? They used tools to kill animals.
• What was the main unit of Stone Age culture? A small group or band of people.
• Which is a kind of technology used by Stone Age humans? Fire.
• How do nomads live? They travel from place to place with the seasons.
• Which group was the first to bury its dead? Neanderthals.
• What is the term for the belief that spirits fill the natural world? Animism.
• What happens during a migration? People move from their homeland to a new place.
• What is a clan? A group of families with a common ancestor.
• Why did modern humans have to adapt? They had to adjust to new environments.
• How did the world change when modern humans

Vocabulary Builder: Essential Words and Definitions

Cosy: Warm and comfortable.

Endangered: Said about species of animals in danger of extinction.

Fierce: Violent and savage.

Hectic: Extremely active.

Illogical: Something with a lack of logic.

Impossible: Something that cannot be done or achieved.

Inconvenient: Something that causes problems or difficulties.

International: Involving many nationalities.

Irrelevant: Something not important in a particular case.

Lifelong: Said about something that lasts or is supposed to remain forever.

Overpopulated: That has more people than permitted or advisable.

Tame: Change from wild to domesticate made by humans.

Unfair: Something that is not honest or fair.

Wild: Said of an animal living in its natural environment.

Phrases

The Nature of Knowledge: Senses and Reason

Reason and the senses are two primary "instruments" we use to experience reality. Thanks to our senses, we are aware of what is going on around us, which helps us to survive.

Sensitive knowledge is the result of processing all this information in our minds.

Sensitive Knowledge: Perception & Sensation

The information that reaches our senses is made up of sensations and perception. Sensations are psycho-physical phenomena. They occur when our sensory organs are stimulated. Perception is the interpretation of sensations captured by our senses. Both sensations and perception are selective.

The Role of Reason in Human Cognition

Reason, as a cognitive faculty, is exclusive to human beings. Only human beings... Continue reading "Human Understanding: Senses, Reason, and Knowledge Theories" »