Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Other subjects

Physical Development Stages (Bañuelos)

Content according to age:

0–6 Years: Exploration and Discovery

Focus: Perceptions of self, stability, lateral dominance.

6–9 Years (1st–4th Grade): Basic Skills

• Reception: Stop, control, clear.
• Launch: Distance, speed, precision.

10–13 Years (5th Grade – 2nd Year Secondary Education): Motor Specific Tasks

Focus: Race speed, corporal health.

Basic Physical Conditioning Factors: Flexibility, aerobic endurance.

14–17 Years (3rd Year Secondary Education – 1st Year Baccalaureate)

Methodology and Strategy

Method

Broad: Trends among teachers and psychologists.

Strategy

Based on concrete decisions derived from previous outcomes.

Resources

More concrete.

Evaluation as a Comparative Process: Zabalza's Normotypes (1987)

Elements of Communication

Message: Information, ideas, or feelings to be conveyed.

Code: Specific signs or symbols used to express the message.

Issuer: Person transmitting the message, expecting a response.

Channel: Medium through which the message is passed.

Context: Situation enabling understanding of the message's meaning.

Feedback: Receiver's response to the sender.

Receiver: Person receiving the message.

Formal vs. Informal Communication

Formal

Structured, follows hierarchy, used for official orders.

Informal

Spontaneous, flexible, not following established systems.

Upward Communication

Aims

• Understand staff problems and complaints.
• Encourage employee involvement.
• Obtain feedback on projects.

Downward Communication

Aims and Means

Convey instructions, policies,... Continue reading "Effective Communication: Elements, Types, and Challenges" »

The Software Crisis and Computing Roles

What are the most critical elements of the software crisis?

The most critical elements of the software crisis include:

• Poor diagnostic studies
• Poor project definition
• Poor requirements definition
• High levels of informality
• Unclear responsibilities
• Poorly defined contracts
• Development costs exceeding the budget
• Schedules exceeding their initial plans
• High turnover of users
• High turnover of technical staff
• Constant changes in planning
• Insufficiently trained technical staff

What are the most important changes in the role of computing?

The most important changes in the role of information technology are primarily related to the rise of network-based business, where everything is oriented towards the Internet. Additionally,... Continue reading "Core Concepts of Software Development and Information Systems" »

Role in Building Regulations

Regular Requirements:

• Technical
• Administrator

Regular Requirements Relating to:

• Functionality
• Security
• Habitability

Regular manufacturing processes of materials, products, and building systems.

Regular systems of standardization of products with the same characteristics.

Regulates the competences of the different actors involved in the construction process.

1.1 - Rules of Application to Building Materials

Spanish Legislation:

• CTE Technical Code for Building
• ETA European Technical Approval
• NBE Building Standards
• NTE Standard Building Technology
• UNE: A Spanish Standard
• Structural Concrete EHE
• RC-08 Instruction for receiving cement

Basic Requirements for Building:

Concerning Functionality:

• Use
• Accessibility
• Access to telecommunication services
• Ease

Recruiting Environment:
The recruitment process originates from the organization, the recruiter, and the external environment, including the internal and external availability of human resources. Key factors include company policies, human resource plans, recruitment practices, and requirements for the position.
Limits and Challenges of Recruitment:
Internal and external availability of human resources can pose challenges. The recruiter can refer to three basic indices: economic indicators, recruitment activities of other companies, and the current sales of the company along with its goals.
Policies and Rules of the Organization:
At times, the policies set by the company can limit recruitment activities.
Policies to promote compensation,

Procedure for Calculating Exceptionally Low Bids

When you have one tenderer, the reference shall be the Base Budget Bidding (PBL). It is considered an exceptionally low offer if less than 25% of the PBL. The offer is exceptionally low if: A < 0.75 PBL.

When there are two bidders, the difference will be the highest amount bid. Where A is the offer equal to or greater than the supply amount B, the offer is considered reckless if B is less than 20 percentage units of supply A. The offer will be reckless if B meets: B < 0.80 A

Where there are three bidders, A being the offer of equal or greater value than offer B, and B's offer is of equal or greater amount than supply C, the procedure for calculating disproportionate or reckless supply is as... Continue reading "Procedure for Calculating Exceptionally Low Bids in Tenders" »

Beery Test VMI: Visual Motor Integration and Perception

The Beery Test VMI (Visual Motor Integration) evaluates visual perception. For each item, there is an information sheet entitled Endpoint. This sheet provides the standard and the requirements for a passing grade.

Determining the Age Equivalent (VMI Raw Score)

To determine the age equivalent of the VMI, calculate the Raw Score. The Raw Score is the total number of figures completed before the student makes three consecutive errors.

Example: If the student successfully completes the first 10 figures, fails the next three, and then performs well on subsequent figures, the raw score is 10. Refer to the corresponding table to find the equivalent age for that raw score.

Verbal Battery BEVTA: Assessment

Technological Process

The technological process consists of the following stages:

1. Identify the problem or necessity.
2. Search for information and brainstorm ideas.
3. Choose the solution: Create a solution plan and design, including plans and other documents.
4. Build prototypes.
5. Evaluate the process and outcome: Once the correct processes are established, production and marketing can begin.

The Technical Project

The technical project corresponds to the third stage of the technological process. It is the set of technical documents that define the product and how to build it:

• Technical Report
• Plans
• Budget
• Statement of Requirements: Must be clear, understandable, and use standard technical language.

The Technical Report

This written document includes multiple sections.... Continue reading "Understanding the Technological Process and Technical Projects" »

Formal Organization and Departments

Formal organization: A defined structure established by the company that places each element in the most appropriate location. It clarifies the relationships between all business elements through hierarchy and authority. It is reflected through organizational rules and regulations. It is based on the division of labor and the organization of the company into departments.

Department Types

Departments are formed by all the people doing the same job or task. Common types include:

• By function (Functional departments): Based on different functional areas of the company and facilitating specialization. Disadvantages: lack of coordination and competition among departments.
• By geographic area: Used by multinationals to

Evolution of Management Thinking in Business Schools

Classical School

The Classical School, spearheaded by Taylor and Fayol, also known as scientific management, was based on a mechanistic conception of work. This involved a type of human engineering design coupled with the motivation of workers, primarily for economic reasons. The focus was on achieving greater efficiency in the work by improving its procedures and the application of work-related principles of division and specialization.

School of Human Relations

Research showed that not only do physical conditions affect performance, but also industrial relations are important.

Max Weber's Bureaucratic Model

Max Weber's bureaucratic model aimed to find the ideal organizational structure.

Overall