Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Other subjects

Defining Motivation

Motivation drives individuals to take action and achieve goals, whether personal or group-related.

Main Reasons People Act

• Power: Desire for command and influence.
• Economic: Satisfaction of needs.
• Transcendent: Concern for survival, religious, and philosophical desires.
• Social: Interest in improving the situation of others.
• Scientific-Technical: Desire to enhance skills and generate new knowledge.
• Cultural and Artistic: Seeking pleasure in beauty and freedom.

Factors Enhancing Motivation

Professional success, recognition, work perfection, responsibility, and professional promotion.

Factors Enhancing Frustration

Hierarchical company structure, leadership style, working conditions, salary, peer relationships, intimacy, status, and security... Continue reading "Understanding Motivation, Frustration, and Workplace Dynamics" »

Elements of Communication

1. Message: Information, feelings, or ideas to be transmitted.

2. Code: A set of specific signs or symbols used to express the message.

3. Sender: The person transmitting the message and awaiting a response from the receiver.

4. Channel: The medium through which the message is transmitted.

5. Context: The situation in which communication occurs, enabling correct understanding of the message.

6. Feedback: The receiver's response to the sender after receiving the message.

7. Receiver: The person or people receiving the message.

Formal vs. Informal Communication

Formal Communication: Structured, planned, hierarchical, aiming to transmit orders, information, and organizational issues.

Informal Communication: Does not follow an established... Continue reading "Communication: Formal, Informal, and Nonverbal Aspects" »

Factors Influencing Technique Appropriateness

The appropriateness of group techniques depends on several factors: objectives, group maturity and training, group size, time, member characteristics, and the animator's expertise.

A) Techniques to Enhance Participation

Gift of Joy

Objective: To foster trust, value individuals, and encourage positive group dynamics. Participants write positive messages to each other.

Discussion

Objective: To stimulate communication, tolerance, and teamwork. Participants exchange ideas on a previously discussed topic from different perspectives.

Seminar

Objective: To acquire knowledge through discovery. The group deeply discusses a topic, researches it, and presents a final report.

Phillips 6/6

Objectives: To promote participation... Continue reading "Group Dynamic Techniques: Participation, Planning, and Organization" »

Planning Objectives

• Objectives: Financial, efficiency, position, CSR, share value, markets
• Policies: Low price, quality, promotion, ethical, usefulness
• Processes: Specific action, staff evaluation, quality control, cost control, purchasing, stock inventory
• Rules: Define response, safety, sick leave, punctuality
• Budget: Cash flow, income, expenses (not always in euros)

Brand Equity

• Core: What is the customer really buying?
• Actual: Characteristics, features, quality level, name, packaging
• Augmented: Additional services

Evaluation of Brand Equity

• Cost approach
• Market approach
• Income approach

Managing Brand Equity

• Leadership: Be a dominant force
• Stability: Ability to survive
• Market: Growth prospects, volatility
• Geographic spread
• Trend: Ability to remain relevant
• Support
• Protection:

**Management: Roles, Characteristics, and Functions**

The address is the organ that determines the objectives to be achieved and plans for action which can achieve them. It gives the company organization and resources, has authority and responsibility, encourages, commands, coordinates, and evaluates its partners to implement plans and achieve goals.

Roles of Managers or Management Characteristics

• Decision-maker: Makes decisions, is entrepreneurial, combines resources, and marks the boundaries in negotiations.
• Interpersonal: Relates to people in the organization, is the figurehead, leader, and liaison.
• Informational: Seeks and receives information about the environment and the organization itself, transmits information so that people know what to

Basic Requirements of the Building

To ensure the safety of people, the welfare of society, and the protection of the environment, buildings must be designed, constructed, maintained, and retained in such a manner that satisfies the following basic requirements:

A) In Relation to Function:

• Use: The layout and dimensions of spaces and the provision of facilities should facilitate the proper conduct of the functions provided in the building.
• Accessibility: To allow people with reduced mobility and communication access and movement around the building, as provided in specific legislation.
• Access to Telecommunication Services: Access to audiovisual and information services in accordance with their specific rules.
• Facilitating Access to Postal Services:

1. The Plan for Firms

1.1. The Strength of a Business Project

It is impossible to launch any business project without a prior specification of the business idea. The idea upon which the business plan is based is the identification of a business opportunity not yet exploited, or the detection of some capacity to innovate and do things differently from others, in order to improve them.

In order to implement a particular business idea, there must be positive possibilities of success for the new company. Therefore, it is crucial to plan the entire business beforehand to draw conclusions regarding the potential applicability of the idea.

1.2. Definition of the Plan's Axioms

The business plan is a strategic plan that affects all areas of the company over... Continue reading "Business Plan Essentials: Key Elements and Benefits" »

Phases of the Planning Process

First Phase: Research Base

The research base has a goal: knowledge of the reality that is sought to intervene. This is a stage before planning. It is a phase of study and concrete knowledge of the reality that will be subject to planning. It comprises two activities:

1. Study of Needs
2. Resources Assessment

A. Diagnostic Analysis. The Study of Needs

Knowledge of social needs is the starting point of all social planning. Determining the needs in a given sector is a complex objective. The creation and satisfaction of needs is a historical concept; needs are conditioned by time, space, and ideologies. Needs are not natural but are conditioned by economic, social, political, and cultural factors. Needs are not static or stable,... Continue reading "Phases of the Planning Process" »

How to Use TCP

Archive all sheets from computers on a production line. Create two files: one for mechanical parts and another for electrical parts. Organize sheets by teams and technical positions. Index all pages and place the index at the beginning for easy location.

When changing an element in the table, make a corresponding annotation. Establish a control period to meet maintenance system needs.

TCP (Technical Control Procedures)

Document the preventive maintenance system, indicating:

• Parts or assemblies to be changed and special inspections.
• Change or inspection period.
• When parts were changed or inspected in the past.
• Tentative next change or inspection.

TCP information helps develop maintenance and spare parts replenishment programs.

TCP provides:... Continue reading "TCP, PERT, Gantt: Maintenance Optimization Techniques" »