Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Other subjects

Project

A project is an interrelated set of activities with a definite starting and ending point, which results in a unique outcome from a specific allocation of resources.

Goals

The three main goals are:

• Complete the project on time
• Do not exceed the budget
• Meet the specifications to the satisfaction of the customer

Project Objective Statement

The project objective statement defines the time frame and allocated resources for a project.

Scope

The scope is the statement of project objectives that shows the desired project outcomes, time frame, and resources.

Project Organization

Project organization involves understanding the project's structure and how people work together.

Project Life Cycle

The project life cycle consists of four phases:

1. Definition
2. Planning
3. Execution
4. Close

Two Stroke Engine (DIFERENCIES)

1.It has one revolution of crankshaftwithin one power stroke.

2.It can generate high torque compare to 4 strokes engine.

3.It used port to inlet and outlet of fuel.

4.Easy lubrication due to lubrication oilmix with the fuel.

Four Stroke Engine

1.It has two revolution of crankshaft between one power strokes.

2.It generates less torque due to 2 revolution of crankshaft between one power strokes.

3.It used valve to inlet and outlet.

4.Comparatively complicated lubrication.

Key Concepts in Business Management

What is Quest Analysis?

Quest analysis involves questions managers ask to understand their business environment. For example:

• Who are my customers?
• What do they demand from me?
• In what way do I meet these demands?
• How can I prove myself?

How is Quality Measured in a Firm?

Measuring quality isn't a single, simple process, even though it's used to measure profit. Profit growth, market share, or return on capital invested can be used to judge how well a quality system has worked.

Taguchi Method

The Taguchi method describes a system's capability to produce goods or services to a specification. It helps quantify the loss due to a lack of quality in a performance characteristic, with the objective of identifying the real... Continue reading "Key Concepts: Quest Analysis, Quality Measurement, and More" »

Preventive Maintenance

Preventive maintenance (or preventative maintenance) is regularly performed maintenance on equipment to reduce the likelihood of failure. It's performed while the equipment is still operational to prevent unexpected breakdowns. Preventive maintenance is planned to ensure the availability of required resources. The maintenance is scheduled based on time or usage triggers.

Examples of Preventive Maintenance Schedules:

• Time-Based: An air conditioner serviced annually before summer.
• Usage-Based: A motor vehicle scheduled for service every 10,000 kilometers.

Preventive maintenance requires more coordination than run-to-failure maintenance due to its planned schedule. However, it's less complex than predictive maintenance, as it... Continue reading "Preventive Maintenance: A Comprehensive Guide" »

Project Management: Methodologies and Objectives

Project management encompasses a set of methodologies used to plan and direct project processes. A project consists of specific operations designed to achieve a defined objective within a set scope, utilizing allocated resources, and adhering to a predetermined start and finish timeline. The primary objectives of project management include:

• Managing project initiation and evolution.
• Controlling and addressing challenges that arise during the project lifecycle.
• Facilitating project completion and securing approval.

Project management aims to achieve pre-established objectives that ultimately benefit the organization. These objectives can be expressed in various ways:

• Outcomes: e.g., establishing a new

PESTLE Analysis

Factors outside organizational control that impact long-term strategies.

Market Research

Connecting consumers, customers, and the public to the market through information for decision-making.

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

Building customer loyalty through communication and rewards to increase satisfaction, commitment, and retention.

Customer Centricity

Prioritizing the customer experience throughout the entire process, from awareness to post-purchase.

Emotional Impact

Positive or negative experiences linked to specific physiological responses.

Conceptual Consumption

Influence of expectations shaped by advertising and branding on purchasing decisions.

Commodities

Uniform, interchangeable goods with minor quality variations across... Continue reading "Key Marketing Concepts & Strategies" »

Project Management Life Cycle

Project Initiation

During the project initiation phase, it is crucial for project champions to develop a thorough understanding of the project's important characteristics. Barry Boehm's W5HH principle summarizes the questions that need to be asked and answered to understand these characteristics.

Project Planning

Various plans are created during this phase:

• Project Plan: Assigns project resources and time frames to tasks.
• Resource Plan: Lists the resources, manpower, and equipment required to execute the project.
• Financial Plan: Plans for manpower, equipment, and other costs.
• Quality Plan: Outlines quality targets and control measures.
• Risk Plan: Identifies potential risks, prioritizes them, and outlines actions to mitigate

Core Functions of Human Resource Management

• Strategic Management: Working with other parts of the organization to create and carry out plans to provide quality goods and services.
• Workforce Planning: Identify jobs that capture the tasks employees need to accomplish.
• Development: Measuring employee performance.
• Compensation and Benefits: Paying employees fairly.
• Employee and Labor Relations: Working with labor unions.
• Health and Safety: Establishing procedures to prevent injury and accidents.

Strategic and Functional Perspectives in HR

Effective human resource management requires a combination of strategic and functional perspectives.

Human resource roles involve people and processes. Part of the human resource professional role is spending time interacting... Continue reading "Core Functions and Trends in Human Resource Management" »

Quality Management Systems and After-Sales Service

A Quality Management System (QMS) is a management system for a customer-focused organization that involves all employees in a continuous process of improvement. It integrates quality into all activities of the company. It is necessary to set up quality standards, procedures, and work practices. The goal is to maintain a competitive advantage, to evaluate a company's performance, and to achieve business excellence.

The international standard that reflects a quality management system is the ISO 9000 Certification. Every company that has passed the quality audit and is registered for ISO 9000 gets a certificate. This certificate guarantees a quality standard and it transmits confidence in the products... Continue reading "Quality Management Systems: ISO 9000 & After-Sales Service" »