Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Other languages

Unit 8

Determiners and Pronouns

• In one respect, the older games and the modern games are similar, but they are very different in another.
• Many modern games engage the player both emotionally and intellectually.
• It's no longer black and white - but every shade of grey.
• Parents and teachers both seem to overlook something important about the gaming industry.
• All
• Some
• Much
• No
• Each
• Very few
• Most
• Several
• Very little
• A lot of
• No
• None
• An awful lot (una cantidad muy grande)
• Precious little
• Second to none (Insuperable, el mejor)
• Good few (e.g., "unas buenas x horas")
• Make the most of (Aprovechar)
• Either way (De todos modos)
• All too often (Muy seguido)
• One by one (Uno x uno)
• Each and every one (Cada uno)

Vocabulary: Amount

• Small discount
• Extra charge
• Full refund
• Great deal
• High cost
• Large

English Spanish Vocabulary Reference

Body Parts and Anatomy

• Brain - Cerebro
• Head - Cabeza
• Index Finger - Dedo índice
• Tongue - Lengua
• Neck - Cuello
• Middle Finger - Dedo medio
• Throat - Garganta
• Arm - Brazo
• Ring Finger - Dedo anular
• Bone - Hueso
• Thigh - Muslo
• Little Finger - Meñique
• Lungs - Pulmones
• Knee - Rodilla
• Back - Espalda
• Stomach - Estómago
• Leg - Pierna
• Butt - Culo
• Hip - Cadera
• Elbow - Codo
• Buttocks - Cachete
• Ankle - Tobillo
• Nipple - Pezón
• Calf - Gemelo
• Blood - Sangre
• Wrist - Muñeca
• Foot - Pie
• Nerves - Nervios
• Knuckle - Nudillo
• Toes - Dedos del pie
• Skin - Piel
• Thumb - Pulgar
• Heel - Planta del pie
• Big Toe - Dedo del pie
• Arch - Empeine

Relationship Verbs and Phrases

• Ask somebody out - Invitar a salir (a alguien)
• Break up (with somebody) - Romper (con alguien)
• Chat somebody

I. Professional Debt Collection Correspondence (Spanish & English)

Initial Payment Reminder: April Statement (€10,800)

Spanish Version:

Incluimos copia de su estado de cuentas de abril por la suma de 10.800 €. Nos gustaría recordarle que nuestras condiciones de pago son de 30 días y agradeceríamos que abonara su cuenta pendiente lo antes posible. Si ya ha liquidado dicha cuenta, por favor, no tenga en cuenta esta carta.

English Version:

We include a copy of your April statement for the sum of 10,800 euros. We would like to remind you that our payment terms are 30 days, and we would appreciate it if you would pay your outstanding account as soon as possible. If you have already settled that account, please disregard this letter.

Second

Study Guide Questions

1. What is the name of the novel we have been studying in class?

The name of the novel we are studying is The Catcher in the Rye

2. Where does D.B live?

Hollywood

3. What is D.B's job?

D.B's job is a screenwriter in Hollywood

4. What is Pencey Prep?

Pencey Prep is a boarding school where Holden was; there were stupid phony people

5. What does Holden think about D.B's job?

Holden thinks that D.B's job is a prostitute because he sells his scripts

6. Why was all the fencing team upset?

They were upset because Holden left the equipment in the subway

7. Who is Old Spencer?

Old Spencer was Holden's teacher

8. Why did Old Spencer want to see Holden before Christmas break?

He wanted to say goodbye

9. Why wasn't Holden going back to school in January?... Continue reading "The Catcher in the Rye: Study Guide Questions and Answers" »

Essential Phrases for Professional Communication

It dawned on me: I realized

I’ve lost count of: I can’t remember       Innovation: new idea    Incubation: development

Hunch: an idea based on feelings     Adjacent: next to    Without exception: In every case

In solitude: alone

I can’t come up with        I haven’t the faintest idea

I’m drawing a blank          It’s dawning on me

It occurs to me that          I’m coming to the realization that

I’m stuck for ideas             It strikes me that

Much to dismay of: causing quite a lot of upset for     Chuck: throw     Congregate: gather together

Become: self-perpetuating: makes itself worse     Stay put: remain in one

Got to the bottom of       Overcome obstacles

Solve the dilemma       ... Continue reading "The modern subject is the subject of the sciences." »

Driving Vocabulary: Road & Car Terms

• A One-Way Street: calle de un solo sentido
• Lane: carril
• Motorway/Highway/Freeway: autopista
• Rage: rabia
• Honk/Sound Your Horn: tocar el claxon
• Pledge: compromiso, garantía
• Crossroads/Junction: cruce
• Overtake: adelantar
• Roundabout: rotonda
• Fatal: mortal
• Motorist: conductor
• Rush Hour: hora punta
• A Flat Tyre: neumático pinchado
• Delay: retrasar
• Tough: duro
• Stuck: atascado / Traffic Jam: atasco
• Oncoming: en dirección opuesta
• Seatbelt: cinturón de seguridad
• Inattentive: distraído
• Boot/Trunk: maletero
• Bonnet/Hood: capó
• Lorry/Truck: camión
• Car Park/Parking Lot: aparcamiento
• Petrol/Gas: gasolina
• Complaint: queja
• A Dead End: callejón sin salida
• A Head-on Collision: choque frontal
• Claims Lives: cobrarse la vida de
• Slow Motion: a cámara

Financial Vocabulary

Nouns

• Budget: Presupuesto
• Note: Billete
• Queue: Fila/cola
• Cash: Dinero en efectivo
• Odd jobs: Trabajillos
• Salary: Salario
• Discount: Descuento
• Pocket money: Paga
• Saving account: Cuenta de ahorro
• Expenses: Gastos
• Profit: Beneficio
• Stuff: Material/cosa
• Fee: Cuota/tasa

Verbs

• Afford: Permitirse
• Lend: Prestar
• Rent: Alquilar
• Borrow: Tomar prestado
• Owe: Deber
• Request: Solicitar
• Charge: Cobrar
• Purchase: Adquirir
• Suit: Sentar bien a

Expressions

• A shopping spree: Compra compulsiva
• Make the best of something: Hacer lo mejor de algo
• Be worth (it): Valer la pena
• On the house: En la casa (meaning complimentary)
• Cost an arm and a leg: Cuesta muy caro
• Pay someone back: Pagar algo a cambio
• Foot the bill: Pagar la cuenta
• Shop around: Comprando por ahí (comparing prices)
• Go

Past Simple

The past simple is formed by using the second column of irregular verbs or by adding -ed to regular verbs.

Use when with the past simple.

Past Continuous

The past continuous is formed with was/were + verb + -ing.

Use as or while with the past continuous.

Past Perfect

The past perfect is formed with had + past participle.

When used with the past simple and past perfect, it always goes before the past simple.

The Future

Will-Future

Will + infinitive is used for:

• Predictions
• Promises
• Spontaneous decisions
• Probability
• First conditional

Going to-Future

Going to + infinitive is used for:

• Future plans
• Intentions
• Predictions based on present evidence (e.g., "It's going to rain because there are clouds.")

Present Continuous

Am/is/are + -ing is used for plans.

Future