Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems

Fundamental Electrical Units

• Current: Ampere (A)
• Voltage: Volt (V)
• Resistance: Ohm (Ω)
• Power: Watt (W)
• Charge: Coulomb (C)

Metric Prefixes

• peta (P): 10^15
• tera (T): 10^12
• giga (G): 10^9
• mega (M): 10^6
• kilo (k): 10^3
• milli (m): 10^-3
• micro (µ): 10^-6
• nano (n): 10^-9
• pico (p): 10^-12
• femto (f): 10^-15

Significant Figures and Math

• Non-zero: Significant
• Leading zeros: Not significant
• Middle zeros: Significant
• Trailing decimals: Significant
• Addition/Subtraction: Match decimal places
• Multiplication/Division: Match significant figures

Core Electrical Concepts

When electrons move, they create current. Current is defined as I = Q/t, and voltage is V = W/Q.

Q represents coulombs (electrical charge). One volt is the potential difference between two points when one joule of energy... Continue reading "Electrical Engineering Fundamentals: Circuits and Components" »

Journalistic Texts and News Structure

Classification of Journalistic Genres

• Informational: Interview, news, and reportage.
• Opinion: Editorial and article.
• Background.

The Anatomy of News

The news consists of a holder (headline), entry, and body. The holder may be accompanied by an antetitulo and subtitle, and should achieve a conative function through concision and wit. When the news is long, there may be intermediate holders. The entry is a brief summary of the news, often highlighted in bold or italics.

The Inverted Pyramid and Page Hierarchy

The body develops the introduction following an inverted pyramid structure, ordered according to importance. For a journalist, the hierarchy of importance is as follows:

• The 1st page is the most important.
• The

Determining the Legal Form of a Company

7.1. Determination of the legal form of a company. Companies may take different legal forms according to their size, the amount of initial capital, the number of partners, and the activity the company will pursue. The most common legal forms are:

Common Legal Structures

Legally:

• Sole proprietorship.
• Community property.

With legal personality:

• General partnership.
• Limited partnership.
• Limited liability: Limited Partnership and New Business Limited Company.
• Public Limited Company.
• Limited partnership by shares.
• Worker-owned companies: Limited work partnership and labor limited company.
• Cooperative Society.

Legal Forms and Main Characteristics

Individual Entrepreneur

An individual entrepreneur is a natural person who regularly... Continue reading "Business Legal Structures and Pricing Strategies" »

Famous Scottish People

Choose the best answer:

• 11. Shakespeare wrote about the Scottish king Macbeth.
• 12. Robert Adam learnt about buildings in Rome.
• 13. David Hume went to university when he was twelve years old.
• 14. Robert Burns wrote beautiful poems.
• 15. James Watt began a business and made hundreds of steam engines.
• 16. Arthur Conan Doyle wrote stories about a detective called Sherlock Holmes.
• 17. In the 1880s, Andrew Carnegie became the richest man in the world.
• 18. Charles Rennie Mackintosh made many important buildings in Glasgow.
• 19. In 1962, Sean Connery was James Bond in a film.
• 20. Queen Elizabeth stays in Edinburgh Castle every summer.

Scottish Facts

Choose the best answer:

• 21. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.
• 22. Scotland has about 800 islands.

The Importance of Sustainable Energy Production

Energy production is a fundamental process for most human activities on Earth. Its use in sectors such as industry, commerce, transport, telecommunications, and a wide range of agricultural and domestic services has compelled us to focus our attention on ensuring a continuous supply to meet our increasing demands. Nowadays, the main source of energy is fossil fuel. Coal, oil, and natural gas could be exhausted soon; therefore, scientists are seeking new alternative energies.

Renewable vs. Non-Renewable Energy

Basically, energy can be divided into renewable and non-renewable energy. Renewable energy is produced using natural resources that are constantly replaced and will never run out. There are... Continue reading "Renewable Energy Sources: Benefits and Challenges" »

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Defining Culture and Cultural Identity

Culture: A set of customs, knowledge, and ways of living that a group of people feel as their own, distinguishing them from other groups. Language, history, and social or political ideas are key elements of the culture of a people. This group of people usually lives in the same territory, but due to migration, this is not always the case.

Cultural differences: These are not merely due to the physical characteristics of individuals, but to education and the way we live and think.

Cultural Pluralism and Mass Culture

Cultural Pluralism and Multiculturalism: This involves the defense of human coexistence and considers that several "others" need not be seen as competitors.

Mass Culture: The generalization of the... Continue reading "Understanding Spanish Democracy and Cultural Identity" »

Rhetorical Devices

• Metaphor: A word used in place of another which has a similar meaning.
• Comparison: The presentation of one reality as identical to another.
• Metonymy: The container which replaces the contents.
• Personification: Attributing human qualities to animals, things, or concepts.
• Alliteration: Repetition of the same sound.
• Paronomasia: A wordplay involving two words that differ by only one phoneme.
• Anaphora: Repetition of one or more words at the beginning of verses or sentences.
• Hyperbaton: The inversion of sentence order.
• Asyndeton: The elimination of conjunctions as links between sentences.
• Polysyndeton: The presence of repeated and unnecessary conjunctions.
• Epithet: An adjective that underscores an inherent quality of the noun.

Notable Catalan

Activity 6: Security and Identification (ACT6)

L1: Language Usage

• 1. For
• 2. Check
• 3. Protecting
• 4. To
• 5. As
• 6. Is used
• 7. Am used to
• 8. An ID.

L2: Security Terminology

• 1. Unique
• 2. GPS
• 3. Recognition
• 4. PIN
• 5. Sensor
• 6. Security
• 7. Incapacitate
• 8. Low-tech.

R3: Reading Comprehension

• 1. At airports
• 2. Baton and CS gas
• 3. Incapacitates without serious injury
• 4. Chips, GPS tags, sensors, cameras, and biometrics
• 5. Voice and face
• 6. Biometric and GPS useful.

R4: Protection and Monitoring

• 1. Protect
• 2. Shock
• 3. Sensor
• 4. Smoke
• 5. Monitor
• 6. Identify.

R5: Technical Properties

• 1. Waterproof
• 2. Antivirus
• 3. Inadequate
• 4. Disadvantages
• 5. Airtight
• 6. Inexpensive.

Activity 7: Manufacturing and Motion (ACT7)

L1: Passive Voice and Grammar

• 1. Are bent
• 2. Is canned
• 3. Goes
• 4. Are
• 5. When are
• 6. Produced
• 7.

The Social Contract

The social contract is a term used in philosophy, sociology, and political science. It refers to a real or hypothetical agreement made within a group by its members, establishing the rights and duties between the state and its citizens.

Classification of Artistic Genres

• Urbanism
• Architecture
• Visual arts
• Non-figurative arts
• Decorative arts

Natural vs. Social Sciences

Natural sciences study everything related to nature and living things. Social sciences study human life forms, such as psychology, history, or geography.

Fine Arts vs. Applied Arts

Fine art is defined as work created to motivate an aesthetic response, while applied arts refer to objects designed for daily use.

Defining the Canon

The canon refers to the set of rules governing... Continue reading "Fundamental Concepts in Philosophy, Art, and Logic" »