Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Music

MAJOR GENRES

Stop dissonance independent re-structured brushstrokes imagination time dodecaphonism - all the established order and organization of sounds disappeared - Arnold Schoenberg

Electronic music - sounds are created, processed, and recorded electronically - Karlheinz Stockhausen

Musique concrete - recording of different sounds and later processing these in the studio - Pierre Schaeffer

Neoclassicism - a return to formal clarity and went back to Classicism and the Baroque - Sergei Prokofiev

Impressionism - sound becomes a vehicle of the inner sensations produced by the real world - Claude Debussy

Aleatoric music - indefinite music that depends on chance and the freedom of the performer - John Cage

Minimalism - employs limited or minimal musical materials... Continue reading "Evolution of Music in Film: From Silent Films to Diegetic Soundtracks" »

HAUT MUSIC:

Composed by instruments with great sound power. These were groups intended for outdoor performances or public events.

BAS MUSIC:

Composed by instruments of soft sound intensity. These were groups intended for indoor performances.

INSTRUMENTS:

String (lute and vihuela) and keyboard (organ and harpsichord).

FAMOUS COMPOSERS:

Clement Janequin, Martin Luther, Juan del Enzina, Claudio Monteverdi, John Dowland, Antonio de Cabezón, Luis de Narváez.

Dance:

2 types of dances: Popular dance and country dance.

SOCIAL DANCES:

Pavane: is a processional dance with a slow and ceremonious binary rhythm. Galliard: is a dance in ternary and animated rhythm, with a more demanding choreography. Jardin de las Delicias: In the picture 'The Garden of Earthly Delights'... Continue reading "Music in the Renaissance Era" »

Gregorian Chants: We call them Gregorian chants, in honor of Pope Gregory I (540-604), who was their first compiler. Western music comes from the medieval chants of the Catholic Church.

Characteristics of Gregorian Chants:

• The song is a capella, only voice with no instruments.
• The subject is religious. It is a prayer.
• All the voices sing the same melody, so the texture is monophonic or monodic.
• The language is Latin.
• Its rhythm is free (without a time signature) and it flows with the text.
• The authors are anonymous.

Troubadours: Troubadours are in the countryside playing instruments of the period (the harp, bagpipe, and shawm). Songs were not religious. It developed mainly in France in the 12^th and 13^th centuries.

Characteristics of Troubadour Music:

1. Mark with an X the chronological period of the Middle Ages. From the late 5th c to the 15th

2. Describe the historical and sociocultural aspects of this period of history by answering the following questions. a) Why do you think the cultural life of this period was mainly concentrated in monasteries and abbeys? Because the monks cultivated the arts and science using manuscripts from ancient Greece and Rome. b) On the social scene in this period, what was Europe like? Europe was fragmented into many small territories dominated by powerful feudal lords who fought amongst themselves. c) What were the Crusades? Military expeditions led by Christian kings attempting to recover holy places in and around Jerusalem. d) This period has two stages:

Along with the development of symphony and concertos for soloists, program music appeared based on the description of a program or plot. It embraced small "pieces with character" composed upon simple or free structures, allowing for the expression of feelings and fantasy. Ballet continued to evolve towards technical virtuosity, introducing new stage tricks and adopting more stylish postures and figures. Zarzuela Grande, structured in three acts, featured a larger musical development. On the other hand, Género Chico consisted of a single act with fewer characters and a predominance of spoken text over sung text. Lastly, Lied refers to a song for soloist voice with piano accompaniment, written upon a poetic text and characterized by simple structures.