Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine & Health

Vocabulary for Describing Meat

Describing Meat Quality (Adjectives)

• Red, Dark, White, Tender, Pinkish (Carn rosada)
• Bright Red (Vermell intens)
• Sweet, Game Meat, Dry (Seca)
• Tasty (Sabrosa)
• Versatile, Pink (Carn rosa)
• Farmed, Wild, Tasteless (Insípida, sense gust)
• Lean Meat (Sense greix, carn magra)

Meat Doneness Levels

These terms describe the internal cooking point of the meat:

• Punt més (Most done): WELL COOKED / WELL DONE
• Al punt (Medium): MEDIUM-RARE
• Punt menys (Least done): RARE / UNDERCOOKED

Essential Meat Cuts and Charcuterie

Meat Cuts Vocabulary

• LAMB LEG: Cama de xai
• HAM: Pernil
• CURED HAM: Pernil salat (This is the name for salted ham)
• STEAK: Bistec
• MINCED MEAT: Carn picada
• TENDERLOIN / SIRLOIN: Solomillo. LOIN alone means Llom.
• RUMP: Rabadilla (The upper

The book I have read is called The Great Gatsby and its author is Francis Scott Fitzgerald. The Great Gatsby is set in New York City, representing a very social environment. The most important characters are Jay Gatsby, Nick Carraway, Jordan Baker, and Tom Buchanan. The most interesting thing about this book is how Gatsby pretended for a long time that he was a millionaire.

Nick Carraway moves to a bungalow in West Egg, a Long Island neighborhood, to study the bond business in New York. Nick is invited by Daisy, his cousin, to come to his house in East Egg, an aristocratic neighborhood on Long Island. Tom Buchanan, Daisy's husband, whom he has met at Yale. Gatsby tells her that Gatsby is in love with Daisy. He met her in Louisville in 1917 and... Continue reading "The Great Gatsby: A Tale of Love, Wealth, and Mystery" »

Alzheimer's disease damages the brain, destroying memory and reason. People with Alzheimer's disease suffer confusion and loss of cognitive function. They require increasing nursing care... Continue reading "Alzheimer's Symptoms, Stages and Care Needs" »

Medical English Phrases for Nurses

Questions and Answers

If a patient tells you "the pain never goes away", what does he mean?

The pain is constant.

¿En qué parte cambia de color? Find the English word that means:

A bruising / Find the English word that means

"The period worked by a group of nurses"?

Shift / I told the nurse that

My symptoms were dizziness, sickness and constipation?

I felt dizzy, sick and constipated.

Choose the correct statement about the nursing grades in the UK:

• Student nurses, who are still in training, get the lowest pay, but they don't stay at the bottom of the pay scale forever.

Linda dijo a la enfermera: se había dado un golpe el día antes, ¿qué síntomas podría tener?

Bruising, aching and swelling.

How do you say in English

Gastroenterology

Abdominal Quadrants

Key organs located within the four main abdominal quadrants:

• Upper Right (URQ): Liver, Gallbladder
• Upper Left (ULQ): Stomach, Spleen, Pancreas
• Lower Right (LRQ): Appendix, Ascending Colon
• Lower Left (LLQ): Descending and Sigmoid Colon

Gastrointestinal Infections

• Bacterial Infections (e.g., E. coli, Salmonella): Typically characterized by a quicker onset and shorter duration.
• Viral Infections: Generally have a slower onset and longer duration.

Upper GI Disorders

Dyspepsia (Indigestion)

Irritation of the upper GI tract, often presenting as heartburn or a retrosternal burning sensation.

Contributing Factors: Medications, alcohol, caffeine, spicy food, obesity.

Treatment (Rx): Dietary changes, medications.

Gastroesophageal

Common Phrases

Dare: Be brave enough (atrevir-se)

Get Paid Peanuts: Get a small sum of money (guanyar poc)

Get Sacked: To be dismissed (fer fora de la feina)

Make a Living: Earn enough money to live (guanyar-se la vida)

Regardless: Without taking into account (sense tenir en compte)

Run an Errand: Make a short trip for a specific purpose (fer gestions)

Run Short Of: Not have much left (quedar-se sense/esgotar)

Sort: Order/tidy (ordenar)

Suburbs: Residential communities outside the city (Barris residencials)

Take for Granted: Fail to appreciate (no donar prou importància)

Take Your Time: Don’t rush (no tinguis pressa/pren-te el teu temps)

Background: Origin (origen)

Be in Someone’s Corner: Support someone (recolzar)

Be on the Ball: Be aware of/attentive... Continue reading "Essential English Phrases and Idioms" »

Grammar Unit 3

A new form of treatment is being tested by scientists.

No major company has cloned a human being yet.

The plane was invented by two American brothers.

She must have been given the wrong medicine. That’s why she looks so ill.

Nobody had carried out such a complicated operation before.

The students were being told to evacuate the building when we got there.

The hotel will have served dinner by now. We’ve missed it.

Rewrite the sentences in the passive form. Omit the agent.

Researchers have discovered a new cure for cancer. A NEW CURE FOR CANCER HAS BEEN DISCOVERED.

Someone must clean all the equipment after every experiment. ALL THE EQUIPMENT MUST BE CLEANED AFTER EVERY EXPERIMENT.

Someone is showing the researchers around the lab. THE... Continue reading "Grammar Unit 3: Passive Voice and Sentence Transformation" »

English Conditionals: Zero to Third

Zero conditional: If / when / unless + Present Simple → Present Simple or a modal verb. Expresses situations that are always true (situations that are always/generally true).

First conditional: If / unless + Present Simple → Future simple (will), imperative, or modal verb. Expresses what will happen if the condition is met.

Second conditional: If / unless + Past Simple → would / could / might + base form. Expresses hypothetical conditions referring to the present or the future (unlikely to happen).

Third conditional: If + Past Perfect Simple → would have / could have / might have + past participle. Expresses a condition that is impossible because it refers to the past.

Wish Clauses

• wish / if only + Past

Essential English Vocabulary

Family and Relationships

• Bond: lazo, vínculo
• Brother-in-law: cuñado
• Cousin: primo
• Great-grandfather: bisabuelo
• Nephew: sobrino
• Niece: sobrina
• Referee: árbitro
• Relative: pariente, familiar
• Sibling: hermano/a
• Spouse: cónyuge
• Widow: viuda
• Only child: hijo único

Common Verbs and Actions

• Bury: enterrar
• Cheer: animar
• Fake: fingir
• Flee: huir, fugarse
• Inherit: heredar
• Nod: asentir con la cabeza
• Raise: criar
• Overhear: oír (por casualidad)

Adjectives and Personal Traits

• Engaged: prometido/a
• Grateful: agradecido/a
• Jealous: celoso/a
• Pregnant: embarazada
• Single: soltero/a
• Self-centered: egocéntrico

Phrasal Verbs and Useful Expressions

• Break up: romper, separarse
• Fight back: defenderse, contraatacar
• Get along: llevarse bien
• Grow apart: distanciarse
• Live