Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine & Health

Hypothyroidism

Hyperthyroidism

Adrenal Insufficiency

Beauty and Wellness Terminology

Aromatherapy

A form of massage that involves specific massage techniques.

Assistant

Someone who helps another person in his or her duties.

Beautician

A professional who provides beauty treatments.

Blood Circulation

The transfer and movement of blood throughout the body.

Blowout

A professional hair drying service.

Budding

Someone who is just starting their career and will probably succeed.

Chat To

To start a conversation with someone.

Clutter

An untidy collection of objects.

Colorist

Someone who professionally colors people's hair.

Conditioning

Liquid or cream applied to the hair to make it smoother and softer.

Deep Tissue Massage

A form of massage that involves putting pressure on muscles.

Effleurage

A massage technique that involves... Continue reading "Essential Beauty and Massage Terminology Glossary" »

Understanding Nature vs. Nurture

Key Definitions

• Nature: What you are when you're born (often associated with genetics).
• Nurture: What you get from life (often associated with environment and experience).

Grammar Practice: Modals and Functions

Expressing Uncertainty and Hesitation

Sentence: I hesitate, I'm not sure which way to go...

Exercise: I hesitate, I'm not sure which way to go...

Modal Verbs: Necessity

Sentence: You need to reach your goal.

Exercise: You need to reach your goal. (necessity)

Modal Verbs: Possibility

Sentence: You could be a doctor.

Exercise: You could be a doctor. (possibility)

Modal Verbs: Probability

Sentence: You might have a stable life with wife and children.

Exercise: You might have a stable life with wife and children. (probability)... Continue reading "Mastering English Grammar: Modals, Vocabulary, and Concepts" »

Arguments for Cloning

Argument 1: Medical Benefits

Cloning offers numerous advantages, including rejuvenation, reversing heart attacks, and treating infertility. It also has applications in plastic, reconstructive, and cosmetic surgery. Furthermore, cloning can help eliminate defective genes and provide other significant benefits by enabling scientists to create or remove new cells.

Argument 2: Stem Cell Applications

Stem cells, which are undifferentiated cells capable of becoming any cell type, are crucial for cloning. They accelerate the process of finding donors for patients. For instance, if a patient requires new skin cells due to severe burns, doctors can clone stem cells to generate the necessary skin cells, greatly aiding recovery.

Argument

Understanding Relationships & Personal Ownership

Key Relationship Vocabulary

• Ask (someone) out - pedir salir
• Be on the rebound - estar en el rebote
• Be seeing (someone) - estar saliendo con alguien
• Be through (with someone) - haber terminado con alguien
• Break off (a relationship) - romper una relación
• Cheat on (someone) - ser infiel a alguien
• Dump (someone) - dejar a alguien
• Fancy (someone) - que te atraiga alguien
• Have a crush on (someone) - tener atracción por alguien
• Have a date with (someone)
• Have a row with (someone) - tener una discusión
• Hurt (someone) - herir a alguien (emocionalmente)
• On the rocks - a punto de desmoronarse (una relación)
• Split up with (someone) - separarse de alguien
• There are plenty more fish in the sea - hay muchas más personas

Mastering English Grammar Essentials

English Verb Tenses: Structures and Usage

Present Simple

• Structure: Verb + s/es (for third person singular)
• Common Time Expressions: always, usually, generally, often, sometimes, every week, never, every day, at night

Present Continuous

• Structure: am/is/are + verb + ing
• Common Time Expressions: now, right now, at the moment, this year, at present, today, next, tomorrow (for future arrangements)

Past Simple

• Structure: Verb + ed / irregular verb (did for negative/questions)
• Common Time Expressions: yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 2004, when, then, 15th century

Past Continuous

• Structure: was/were + verb + ing
• Common Time Expressions: last night, last week, last year, at 3:00, when, while, as

Future Simple

• Structure:

English Synonyms

• Awful - Horrible
• Believe - Think (Pienso)
• Dangerous - Risky (Peligroso)
• Feeling - Emotion (Sentimiento)
• Quick - Fast (Rápido)
• Surprised - Shocked (Sorprendente)
• Fantastic - Great (Fantástico)
• Enormous - Huge (Enorme)
• Tiny - Very small (Muy pequeño)
• Frightened - Afraid (Miedoso)
• Attractive - Beautiful (Atractivo)
• Comfortable - Cozy (Cómodo)
• Run away - Escape (Huir)
• Grow up - Become an adult (Crecer)
• Marks - Results (Marcas)
• Peaceful - Quiet (Tranquilo)
• Pleasant - Kind (Agradable)
• Skyscraper - Tall building (Rascacielos)
• Underground - Tube (Subterráneo)
• Sort of - Kind of (Tipo de)
• Crowded - Plenty of people (Lleno de personas)
• Free time - Spare time (Tiempo libre)
• Allow - Let (Permitir)
• Refuse - Reject (Rechazar)
• Escape - Run away (Escapar)
• Get on

Genetic Material/DNA

Variable Cell Count

1. DNA must contain biologically useful information.
2. Must be capable of reproduction = replication = growth.
3. Must be decodable (MRNA) transcription/translation.
4. Must be able to change or show variation (mutate/adapt).

H20 Sample -> 1ml -> A10(2) -> 1ml -> B10(4) -> 1ml -> C10(6)
0.1ml D10(5) F10(7)
1ml E10(4) G10(6)
- Pour 10ml cooled molten agar over the bottom of the plate, close the lid, swirl to mix and allow to solidify.
- Invert & incubate at 37C for 24-48h.
- After incubation, observe.
- Select a plate with 30-300 colonies.
- Count all colonies on the agar surface/embedded in agar.
- Colonies X dilution factor = colonies/ml

Griffith's Experiment

1. Injected living S in mouse - mouse died.
2. Injected

Urological Symptom Assessment

• Macrohematuria: Cancer
• Fever: Infection (Prostatitis/Obstructive Pyelonephritis)
• CANT: Acute Urinary Retention (ARU)
• NO: Trauma
• Decreased Flow: BPH/Prostate Cancer

Stone Diagnostics

• UA
• 24-Hour Urine (Cr, Ca)
• Biochemistry (BUN, Cr)
• CT Scan

Differential Diagnoses

• Acute Prostatitis / Acute Pyelonephritis (Sinistra)
• Carcinoma Vesicae Urinariae / Hyperplasia Glandulae Prostatae

Medication: Combodart

• Alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonist: Tamsulosin 0.4mg/day
• 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor: Finasteride 5mg/day

Laboratory Reference Ranges

II- Processes Relevant to Drug Therapy: Pharma/PK/PD

Drug Phases:

• Phase 1 (Pharmaceutical Phase): Drug taken orally becomes soluble, allowing it to pass through biological membranes. This phase is absent in subcutaneous, IM, and IV administration.
• Phase 2 (Pharmacokinetic Phase): Involves absorption (primarily through the small intestine), distribution, metabolism (biotransformation, mainly in the liver), and excretion.
• Phase 3 (Pharmacodynamic Phase): Refers to the biological or physiological response to the drug.

Pharmaceutics Phase (Dissolution):

This is the initial stage of drug action and involves two steps:

• Disintegration: The breakdown of tablets into smaller particles.
• Dissolution: The dissolving of these smaller particles into gastrointestinal