Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine & Health

Reading & Grammar Exercise Solutions

Reading Page 1 Answers (Set A)

Exercise 1: True/False

1. F; Although doctors can’t find any specific illness… they confirm that the health problems are genuine.
2. F; In some cases, they tell sufferers that they should not continue working in a particular building.
3. F; However, not everyone is sure that people are becoming ill because of the air.
4. T; According to some experts, the workers’ symptoms may actually be caused by stress, boredom and bad relationships with their co-workers and managers.
5. F; … there can be no doubt that bad air is not good for people’s health.

Exercise 2: Short Answers

1. They can’t explain its causes.
2. Heat to escape / fresh air in through windows.
3. Are bad.
4. Not good for people’s health.

UNIDAD 6

2. Present Continuous

• I'm learning English now
• They aren't studying at the moment
• She isn't sleeping now
• What are they eating? They're eating sandwiches
• Are you doing your homework? I am
• Is he phoning his friend? he isn't

3. Present Continuous Exercises

• Listens
• 's/ is reading
• Aren't/are not eating
• Don't watch
• Are, doing
• Does, go
• Are, playing
• Do, get

4. Numbers

• 1.2 2.2 3.1 4.2 5.1 6.1 7.1 8.2 9.1 10.2 11.2 12.1 13.2 14.1 15.1 16.2

UNIDAD 7

B. Past Simple: Was/Were

• There was some milk
• Were there any sweets?
• There were two tennis rackets
• There was a printer in the bedroom
• Was there a cat in the sitting room?
• There were some books in the bag
• Was there any butter in the kitchen?
• There wasn't any butter in the fridge
• Were there any sofas in the hall?
• There wasn't any

Therapeutic Uses of Atropine

Preanesthetic Medication

• Decrease salivary and bronchial secretions
• Prevent bronchospasm
• Antagonize respiratory center depressants
• Protect the heart from bradycardia induced by some general anesthetics
• Prevent vomiting

Disadvantages:

• Post-operative urine retention
• Intestinal hypomotility (paralytic ileus)

Other Uses

1. Heart block and marked bradycardia
2. In cholinergic poisoning to antagonize muscarinic effects (organophosphorus poisoning or physostigmine poisoning)
3. Colics, gut hypermotility, duodenal ulcer
4. Nocturnal enuresis and urinary urgency to reduce bladder motility
5. Parkinsonism
6. Motion sickness (Hyoscine (scopolamine) is better)
7. Hyperhidrosis
8. For fundus examination of the eye (derivatives are better)
9. Bronchial asthma (secretions

Lunes(ON) Mes(IN) Meses+fecha(ON) por tarde/maña(IN)  Estaciones(IN)      2ºCONDIT (If/Unless+ past Simpl, would+infitv)   3ºCOND (If/Unless + Past perfet,would/might/could+ have+past)  

PASSIV(Pres.Simpl: Is/are conducted)-(Past Simpl: Was conducted)-(Futur:Will be conductd)  (Pesen.Cont=Is/are being conductd)-(Past.Cont= was/were being conductd) Present.Perf(have conductd=HAS been conductd)      

REPORTD (Pres Simpl: eat=ATE)-(Past Simpl: ate=HAD EATEN )-(Futur:will eat=Pesen.Cont=are eating=WERE EATING)-(Past.Cont=were eating/= ) Pres.Perf(have eaten= HAD EATEN) Pres.Perf.Cont(have been eating= HAD been eating) Past Perf.Simp(had eaten=HAD EATEN)                                                                                                                                                   

Barlow and Ourand

Common Features Showed

Factors that May Help Develop This

Possible Ways Patients May Not Adhere Properly

Why Patients May Not Adhere

After:

despres, afterwards: despres d'aixo, athlete: atleta,ballet: balet, be keen on: encantar, beach: platja, brush: raspall, cards: cartes, chatting: chat, chess: escacs, cinema: cine, class: classe, competition: competició, competitive: competitiu, computer: ordinador, cook: cuinar, cooking: gastronomia,, crossword puzzle: mots encreuats,dance: ballar, detective: novel: novel·la policiaca, digital camera: camera digital, doing sport: fer esport, drawing: dibuixar , eat out: minjar fora, film: pel·licula, free time: temps lliure, friend: amic, go out: surtir, good at: bo, hiking: senderisme, hobby: afició, ice hockey: hoquei sobre gel, jog: hacer footing, laugh: riure, learn to play: apendre a tocar la guitarra, leisure: temps lliure,... Continue reading "Exploring Barcelona: Culture, Cuisine, and Climate" »

The Renal System

The renal system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Its primary functions are to filter the blood, regulate body fluids, and eliminate metabolic waste from the blood. The kidneys specifically remove waste products and excess water from the blood and regulate electrolyte levels.

Renal and Urogenital Signs and Symptoms

Common signs and symptoms related to the renal and urogenital systems include:

• Hematuria (blood in urine)
• Changes in urinary habits (frequency, urgency, volume)
• Hypertension
• Anemia (decrease in red blood cells)
• Discharges
• Sexual dysfunction
• Menstrual irregularities

Pain Patterns

Pain patterns can help indicate the affected area within the renal system:

• Kidneys: Pain is typically ipsilateral (on the same side)

Kidney Function and Failure

Functions:

• Clean the blood and remove extra fluid
• Keep your body chemicals in balance
• Filter out waste products
• Control blood pressure and red blood cell production

Kidney Failure:

Occurs when kidneys stop working or when their function is less than 15%. This results in a build-up of fluid and chemical wastes, which is life-threatening unless treated by dialysis or kidney transplantation.

Uremia

Uremia occurs when waste products build up in the blood. Symptoms include:

• Loss of appetite
• Nausea and vomiting
• Headache
• Itching

Treatment Options for Kidney Failure

Patients with kidney failure have several treatment options:

• Diet and fluid management
• Kidney transplantation
• Medications
• Kidney dialysis
• Non-treatment (palliative care)

Hemodialysis

In... Continue reading "Kidney Failure and Treatment Options" »

Lickwood Means Rewind, a Gunshot Means Forward

You Requested It So We Rewind

Yeah
Way, way, way up
Turn it all up
Yeah
Look

I got enemies, got a lot of enemies
Got a lot of people tryin' to drain me of my energy
They tryin' to take the wave from a nigga
Fuckin' with the kid and pray for your nigga

I got girls in real life tryin' to mess up my day
Fuck goin' online that ain't part of my day
I got real shit poppin' with my family too
I got niggas that can never leave Canada too
I got 2 mortgages, thirty million in total
I got niggas that'll still try fuckin' me over
I got rap niggas that I gotta act like I like
But my actin' days are over, fuck them niggas for life, yeah

I got enemies, got a lot of enemies
Got a lot of people tryin' to drain me of... Continue reading "Drake Enemies Lyrics: Decoding the Meaning" »

Ergogenics

Pharmaceuticals (AAS, hgh, stimulants, betablockers) nutritionals (amino acids, creatine, vitamins) methods (hyperbaric or hypobaric chambers, blood doping, supplemental O2)

WADA

Primary governing body for international sport banned substances enhance performance, endanger health, contrary to sport if u have two of these its banned)

Substance S1

Most common drug test

Anabolic Steroid

Associated with protein building in skeletal muscle or bone

Androgenic

Associated with masculinization

Steroid

Hormonal substance with basic chemical structure

Testosterone

C-19 steroid hormone derivative of cholesterol. Key endogenous (body makes) androgen. Levels vary: males 2.5-11mg, females 0.25mg

AAS Legally

Schedule III category prohibited until 1974

AAS Chemically

Synthetic... Continue reading "Performance-Enhancing Substances and Methods in Sports" »