Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Law & Jurisprudence

Initial Steps

1. Subject Selection: Choose an available Diploma Programme subject for your extended essay, considering any restrictions imposed by your school.
2. Material Review: Thoroughly read the assessment criteria, the relevant subject-specific chapter of the Extended Essay Guide, the IB's ethical guidelines, and other associated policies (e.g., those relating to animal experiments).
3. Research Reflection Space (RRS): Set up your RRS and utilize it as the primary tool for planning and reflecting throughout the extended essay process.
4. Topic Selection and Background Reading: Choose a topic and conduct preliminary background reading to gain a foundational understanding.
5. Research Question Formulation: Develop a preliminary research question, incorporating

Legal Terms and Definitions

Libel: a tort consisting of false and malicious publication printed for the purpose of defaming a living person.

Slander: an abusive attack on a person's character or good name.

Uniform Commercial Code (UCC): The purpose of UCC is to promote interstate commerce and facilitate the nurturing of business interests.

Strict Liability: Liability regardless of fault. In tort law, strict liability is imposed on those engaged in abnormally dangerous activities, on persons who keep dangerous animals, and on manufacturers or sellers that introduce into commerce goods that are unreasonably dangerous when in a defective condition.

Trademark: a word, name, symbol, device, or any combination of those used to identify and distinguish... Continue reading "Legal Terms and Definitions: Libel, Slander, UCC, Strict Liability, and More" »

Challenges of International Matrimony

STEPS:

(1) Reviewing Appeals -- From State Supreme Courts or Federal Courts , Writ of Certiorar,  If accepted put on DOCKET

(2) Granting the Appeal -- Rule of 4

(Usually decide no more than 150 cases with full opinion from thousands of cases on its docket each term)(2008 7,738 cases)

(3) Briefing the Case by each side -- & Amicus Curiae Briefs (outside groups)

Brief by Solicitor General of the United States // 3^rd ranking official of Justice Department & Government’s lawyer before Supreme Court

(4) Holding the Oral Argument -- On about 40 days (always Mondays, Tuesdays & Wednesdays) starting in October and concluding in late April opposing lawyers face the justices.   // each side 30 minutes // Justices may pose questions

(5)... Continue reading "Law 19983 on" »

verb + that (deny,warn, admit, advise)

IC = Independent Clause (Expresses a Complete Thought)

- Subject + Verb + Complement/Object

DC = Dependent Clause (Does Not Express a Complete Thought)

- Often starts with a dependent word

EXAMPLES OF DEPENDENT WORDS: as, after, although, because, before, even though, if, since, when, whether, while

> IC.

> ICDC.

> DC, IC.

> ICIC = WRONG! Fused/Run-on = IC, IC. WRONG!

Comma Splice Corrections for the above two errors could be any of the following:

> IC. IC.

> IC; IC.

> IC, FANBOYS IC.

Coordinating Conjunctions: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So

> IC; adverbial conjunction, IC.

EXAMPLES OF ADVERBIAL CONJUNCTIONS: as a result, consequently, for example, furthermore, however, in addition, moreover, on the other hand, therefore, thus

MLA

#THE INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES ACT This act has been enacted by the central legislature with the object of setting the disputes Between the workmen and management amicably&peacfully. Workmen of dimakuchi tea Estate v dimakuchi tea estate1958 OBJECTIVES 1.promotion of measures for securing and Preventing amity and good relation between the employers and workmen.2.an investigation and Settlement of industrial disputes3.prevention of illegal strikes and lock out 4.Releif to workmen in The matter of lay off and retrenchment 5.To promote collective bargaining 

Action for Annulment- 263. Challenge? 263- NOT recommendations + opinions.

1) Privileged applicant? Have interest- MS, EP, council, commission.

2) Semi-Privileged applicant? Where their rights are affected, the Court of Auditors, the European Central Bank, and the Committee of the Regions.

3) Non-Privileged Applicant? In this case, the claimant must have required standing, the position of claimant in relation to the act, not standing a claim will not be considered.

Direct Concern

The test for direct concern is if a claimant's legal situation is directly affected without discretion.

Individual Concern

The test for individual concern requires a claimant to be able to distinguish himself by way of some peculiar attribute. The CJEU can only review acts... Continue reading "Annulment Action: Requirements, Applicants, and Justification" »

agenda list of items to be discussed, it includes time, places and atendees minutes written record of what is discussed in a meeting board of directors group of directors who meet to decide about the company chairperson the person who directs the meeting attendee person attending the meeting absent somebody not present guess speaker somebody invited to the meeting opening remarks the leader first words to opening the meeting main idea the essential idea to be discussed in the meeting item point  of discussion on the agenda AOB any other business summary brief statement of the points discussed show of hands to raise hands to vote consensus general agreement propose a plan or suggestion swot analysis strenghts, weakness, opportunities and threats... Continue reading "Hrm, company-of-origin, analysis" »