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Science and Technology Vocabulary: From Alien to Universe

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Science and Technology Vocabulary

Astronomy and Space Exploration

Words

  • Alien (adj/n): Extraterrestrial
  • Antidepressant (n)
  • Astronomer (n)
  • Black Hole (n)
  • Galaxy (n)
  • Geologist (n)
  • Gravity (n)
  • Parallel Universe (n)
  • Physicist (n)
  • Telescope (n)

Phrases

  • Remote: Lejano
  • Set of Scales

Medicine and Health

Words

  • Antibiotic (n)
  • Cure (v)
  • Disease (n): Enfermedad
  • Doomed (a): Condenado
  • Heal (v): Sanar
  • Immune (adj)
  • Implant (n/v)
  • Organ Transplant (n)
  • Painkiller (n): Analgesico
  • Technician (n)
  • Transplant (n/v)

Science Lab

Words

  • Beaker (n): Vaso
  • Calculator (n)
  • Chemist (n)
  • Experiment (n/v)
  • Invent (v)
  • Laboratory (n)
  • Mathematician (n)
  • Stuff (n): Cosa
  • Test Tube (n)
  • Thermometer (n)

Phrasal Verbs

  • Carry out: Llevar a cabo
  • Come up with: Presentar
  • End up: Terminar
  • Shut down: Apagar
  • Take over: Tomar el control
  • Turn out:
... Continue reading "Science and Technology Vocabulary: From Alien to Universe" »

The Age of Revolutions: Shaping Modern Nations and Society

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The American Revolution: An Enlightenment Victory

Struggle for Independence (1775-1783)

Thirteen British colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America fought for independence from Great Britain between 1775 and 1783. Key causes included:

  • Ideological: Enlightenment ideals of equality and liberty formed the basis of the independence movement.
  • Political: Colonists lacked representation in the British Parliament, leading to laws and taxes imposed without their consent.
  • Socio-economic: The burgeoning middle-class colonists desired greater control over their commercial activities and strongly opposed taxation without representation.

The war erupted when colonists refused to pay taxes and began to arm themselves. Great Britain ordered armed forces to... Continue reading "The Age of Revolutions: Shaping Modern Nations and Society" »

Key Events in 20th Century Spanish History

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Stages of 20th Century Spain

The 20th century in Spain was divided into several distinct stages:

  • Crisis of the Bourbon Restoration
  • The Dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera
  • The Second Republic
  • The Civil War
  • The Francoist Dictatorship
  • The Transition and Democracy

Beginning of the 20th Century in Spain

The 20th century in Spain began upon the death of Alfonso XII, who was succeeded by his wife, María Cristina de Austria. Her regency coincided with the Disaster of 1898, through which Spain lost part of its last colonies to the United States. This event generated a deep social crisis, leading to the emergence of Regenerationism movements, which advocated for a clean state without corruption.

Political Parties During Alfonso XIII's Reign

When Alfonso XIII... Continue reading "Key Events in 20th Century Spanish History" »

The Korean War: Partition, Invasion, and Global Impact

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The Korean War: Origins of Conflict

The Korean War began following the post-World War II partition of the peninsula, which had been ruled by Japan since 1910. In 1945, Soviet and American troops occupied the territory, divided along the 38th parallel.

The Division of Korea (1945–1948)

  • In North Korea, indigenous Marxists under Kim Il-sung took control with Soviet assistance and began organizing a totalitarian state.
  • In South Korea, General John R. Hodge began establishing defense forces and police, moving toward a separate administration.

By the time Washington and Moscow focused on Korea, the Cold War had already set in, and the de facto partition became permanent. South and North Korean governments arose in 1948, each claiming legitimacy for... Continue reading "The Korean War: Partition, Invasion, and Global Impact" »

French Revolution: Key Events, Figures, and Concepts

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The French Revolution: Key Phases and Concepts

Phases of the French Revolution

The Estates General

In France under the Old Regime, the Estates General was a legislative and consultative assembly of the different classes of French subjects. It had a separate assembly for each of the three estates, which were called and dismissed by the king.

The National Assembly (1789)

The Third Estate demanded a new voting system where each representative would vote individually. When the king locked the National Assembly out of the Estates General, they began to meet at a nearby tennis court.

The Constituent Assembly (1789-1791)

When the king agreed to the demands of the Third Estate, they formed a new Constituent Assembly to draft a constitution. News that troops

... Continue reading "French Revolution: Key Events, Figures, and Concepts" »

Key Concepts of the Ancient Regime and Enlightenment Era

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Historical Vocabulary and Definitions

Key Terms of the 18th Century

Ancient Regime

The political and social system established in Europe during the 16th and 18th centuries. It was overthrown in 1789 by the French Revolution.

Holy Alliance

A pact celebrated on the initiative of Alexander I of Russia, between Austria, Russia, and Prussia, signed on September 26, 1815, in Paris, following the Battle of Waterloo.

Treaty of Utrecht

A peace agreement signed in 1713 between England and France to end the War of the Spanish Succession, which began in Europe in 1701. France agreed to compensate the British fur company in North America for losses suffered during the war.

Enlightenment

A cultural movement of philosophers in 17th and 18th century Europe. Philosophers... Continue reading "Key Concepts of the Ancient Regime and Enlightenment Era" »

FAmily matters

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9. Walter Scott, Ivanhoe (1819) -- This is the fragment of the book Ivanhoe, written by Walter Scott, a Scottish writer who Belonged to the generation of the “Antiquarians”, that tried to rescue the heroic literary Tradition of the past. This historical novel written in 1819 deals with events of the 12th Century, a hundred years after the Norman conquest of England to the Saxons. The Normans occupied England after the victory of William “the Conqueror” over Saxon king Harold at the Battle of Hastings the 14th of October 1066, a date that marks The beginning of the medieval period in England according to most historians. William’s Successor Henry II started a new name for his dynasty: the Plantagenet. During the Years when the story
... Continue reading "FAmily matters" »

The Cultural Legacy of the Feudal System: Pilgrimages and Crusades

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3, The cultural legacy of the feudal system: pilgrimages and crusades.

Routes of Pilgrimages

During the Middle Ages people didn't travel much. When they did travel, it was often for a religious reason: to go on a pilgrimage, or to fight in a crusade.

A pilgrimage was a journey to a place where a saint was buried, or where important relics were kept. The most important destinations for pilgrims were Jerusalem, Rome and Santiago de Compostela. Usually, people start this journey looking for help to their problems, because they wanted to see holy places or to pay for their sins (penance).

The routes of Pilgrimage were very important economical and cultural centres, where towns developed and the pilgrims helped to spread knowledge and trade across Europe.

... Continue reading "The Cultural Legacy of the Feudal System: Pilgrimages and Crusades" »

Countries, Nationalities, and Languages Spoken List

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Countries, Nationalities, and Languages

This table provides a list of countries, their corresponding nationalities, and the languages spoken in each country.

CountryNationalityLanguage(s)
AfghanistanAfghanPersian - Pashto
ArgentinaArgentinianSpanish
AustraliaAustralianEnglish
BelgiumBelgianFrench / Flemish
BoliviaBolivianSpanish
BrazilBrazilianPortuguese
CambodiaCambodianCambodian
CameroonCameroonianFrench / English
CanadaCanadianEnglish / French
ChileChileanSpanish
ChinaChineseChinese
Colombia *ColombianSpanish
Costa RicaCosta RicanSpanish
CubaCubanSpanish
DenmarkDanishDanish
Dominican RepublicDominicanSpanish
EcuadorEcuadorianSpanish
EgyptEgyptianArabic
El SalvadorSalvadorianSpanish
EnglandEnglishEnglish
EstoniaEstonianEstonian
EthiopiaEthiopianAmharic
FinlandFinnishFinnish
FranceFrenchFrench
GermanyGermanGerman
GhanaGhanaianEnglish
GreeceGreekGreek
GuatemalaGuatemalanSpanish
HaitiHaitianFrench
... Continue reading "Countries, Nationalities, and Languages Spoken List" »

Steps to war - aggression by japan, italy and germany 1931-1939

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Impressionism: Monet, Renoir, Degas, Rodin

Post-impressionism: Cézanne, Gaudin, Van Gogh

Fauvism: Matisse

Expressionism: Munch, Kirchner

Cubism: analytic or Synthetic. Picasso, Braque

The forms of colonial rule→ mayor imperialist power were GB and France. Soon joined by Germany, Italy, Russia, Belgium, Spain and US and Japan. Diverse forms of colonial rule: -concessions were commercial advantages, the transfer of ports and trade. -Protectors maintained their indigenous. -Governments, but the colonial strength-controlled policy, the army and exploitation of certain territories that were India and Egypt. -Colonies where territories under the sovereignty of such metropole. Position controlled strategic points. -Settler colonialism large scale settling... Continue reading "Steps to war - aggression by japan, italy and germany 1931-1939" »