Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of History

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Battles in Lincestis

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religious buildings:tmple this was the house of gods and was rectangular or circular

political building:basilica:meetings, trials and comercial activities took place here

recreatioonal buildings:triumphal arch: this had several arch-shaped entrances and commemorated a military victory on important event

recreational buildings: theatre:actors performed comedies or tragedies here. It was a semicircular shape.  Circus:this held chariot races.It was in the shape of a rectangle.   Amphitheatre: it´s held gladiator and animals flights and simulations of naval battles.

Civil buildings: Aqueduct: this transported water to the cities. It had one or several tiers of arches supported by pillars.  Roads: these were made of several layers of stone with
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Catolicavirtual empire

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(CONSULATE799-804)In 1799, Napoleon was named consul, and the Consulate's rule began.This was a period of autocratic and authoritarian rule. Napoleon aspired to put an end to the political instability of the Revolution, consolidate some of the revolutionary principles and promote economic recovery through a government that represented the interests of the bourgeoisie.(The Constitution of 1800 Liberties were very limited and censorship was imposed to control public opinion.)(The state was organised into departments that were run by prefects who implemented government policies.)(The public finance sector was reformed, and state schools (lyceés) were created to educate an elite of civil servants. Signed an agreement with the Church called a concordat,
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Revolution of October 9, 1820: Independence in Guayaquil

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Make an Essay. Please, Be Careful with the Parts: Introduction, Body and Conclusion. Do Your Best.

a) October 9th, 1820

The revolution of October 9, 1820 has its antecedents from 1814. José de Antepara, José Joaquin Olmedo, and Jose de Villamil arrived in Guayaquil to introduce new political concepts and forms of government to the people. These patriots emphasized independence, democracy, and the republic, advocating for necessary changes in political and social structures.

Major Miguel de Utamendi arrived in the port, connecting with other figures from Spanish America. On October 8, 1820, the conspirators initiated their plan, successfully taking over the city's barracks. A government junta was formed, and the flag of independent Guayaquil... Continue reading "Revolution of October 9, 1820: Independence in Guayaquil" »

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Pacifist Anthem Inspired by Anti-Racist Leaders

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"Pride (In the Name of Love)" as a Pacifist Anthem

"Pride (In the Name of Love)" can be considered a song dedicated to Martin Luther King, Jr. It is viewed as a pacifist anthem inspired by this unique anti-racist leader, who is remembered as one of the most important social figures in the history of the United States.

Key lyrics:

  • "One man come in the name of love"
  • "One man come and go"
  • "One man come he to justify"
  • "One man to overthrow"

What's more:

  • In the name of love
  • What more in the name of love?

Key Concepts:

Assembly - Right - People - Nations - Individual - Teaching - Respect - Achievement - Freedom - International

Influential Figures in Peace and Justice Movements

Gandhi (1869-1948)

Gandhi was a Hindu lawyer and politician who fought in the Indian... Continue reading "Pacifist Anthem Inspired by Anti-Racist Leaders" »

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Catolicavirtual empire

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-First world war: alliances / industrial & technological advances used manufactured weapons / society transformed: men at war, women at work

 -Russias participation affected population
 -Spain remained neutral but government had to deal with P E S problems
 -Avant-garde movement influented art

-Causes: France wanted to recover Lorraine & Alsace / Austro-hungarian empire occupied & then annexed Bosnia-herzegovina. This led to nationalist protest by serbians living in Bosnia. It angered Russia, serbia´s traditional ally / Industralised EU countries expanded their empires and compited for colonies control / Britain & G became involved in a naval arms race > dreadnoughts

-Participants: central powers / the allied powers. Italy
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Economic Liberalism, Chartism, and Industrial Revolutions

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Economic Liberalism and Chartism

Economic liberalism is a doctrine that proposes favorable development through the free market and minimal state intervention in economic affairs. Proponents wanted the recognition of private property and individual profit.

Chartism was a movement that petitioned Parliament, demanding political reforms, universal manhood suffrage, laws to protect workers' interests, and salaries for Members of Parliament (MPs). It was active from 1838 to 1848.

Population Growth and the Industrial Revolution

Population growth encouraged agricultural and industrial development because there was an increased demand for food and manufactured products. The Agricultural Revolution enabled population growth and industrial development because... Continue reading "Economic Liberalism, Chartism, and Industrial Revolutions" »

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Colonization of the New World: Spain, France, England

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Colonization of the New World: Spain, France, and England

Spain's Colonial Ambitions

Spain had three main goals: to spread Christianity, to build a powerful empire, and to acquire wealth. These are often referred to as the "3 G's": God, Gold, and Glory.

  • God: Spain sent missionaries to convert the Native Americans to Christianity. They believed that Christianized natives would be more loyal, helping Spain establish authority.
  • Gold: Spain sought resources like gold, silver, and other precious metals to exploit for their benefit.
  • Glory: Spain aimed to build the strongest empire and dominate the New World.

England's Colonial Expansion

As the English economy weakened and social tensions rose between classes, colonizing the Americas seemed like an escape.... Continue reading "Colonization of the New World: Spain, France, England" »

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Irish Airman's Death: Yeats's Dual Purpose

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"An Irish Airman Foresees His Death": Yeats's Dual Purpose

In "An Irish Airman Foresees His Death," W.B. Yeats employs the dramatic monologue to achieve a dual purpose. Yeats utilizes the death of an Irish hero, Robert Gregory, to enhance the prestige of Irish nationalism. Gregory was ideally suited for this role. He was a member of the nobility, a true volunteer, a worldly and sophisticated Renaissance man, a war hero (awarded the Military Cross), and an Irish patriot. Regardless of Gregory's actual reasons for fighting in World War I, he served as an ideal vehicle for Yeats's message.

Ironies in Gregory's Death and Potential Influence

Several ironies surround Gregory's death and the potential influence he might have had on both the public and

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The Second Spanish Republic: From Dictatorship to Civil War

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Primo de Rivera

In 1923 another pronunciamiento took place: General Miguel Primo de Rivera came to power with the consent of the king. Public disorder was rampant, and the system wasn't working. Primo de Rivera had been in Catalonia as Captain General. They thought he could bring calm and peace.

Primo de Rivera wanted to regenerate the system and later he would give the power back again. It did not work. He stayed for longer than promised and became unpopular. He tried to start a political party, the Unión Patriótica.

His dictatorship can be divided into two periods: Military Directory (1923-1925) and Civil Directory (1925-1930). He had great success at the beginning. Along with the French, the Spanish Army defeated the Moroccan rebel Abd-el-... Continue reading "The Second Spanish Republic: From Dictatorship to Civil War" »

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19th-Century Unifications: Japan, Italy, Germany & USA

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The Opening of Japan to Trade in the 19th Century

The United States and the Opening to Japan, 1853: On July 8, 1853, American Commodore Matthew Perry led his four ships into the harbor at Tokyo Bay, seeking to re-establish, for the first time in over 200 years, regular trade and discourse between Japan and the Western world.

Why Was Commodore Perry Sent to Japan?

Perry, on behalf of the U.S. government, forced Japan to enter into trade with the United States and demanded a treaty permitting trade and the opening of Japanese ports to U.S. merchant ships. The Japanese had no navy with which to defend themselves, and thus they had to agree to the demand.

Italian Unification: Causes and Effects

What Caused the Italian Unification?

Those who stood for... Continue reading "19th-Century Unifications: Japan, Italy, Germany & USA" »

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