Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of History

Anarchy: absence of government and absolute freedom of the individual, regarded as a political Ideal. Example: Free Territory, It existed from 1918 to 1921 in Russia and Ukraine.

Aristocracy: a form Of government in which power is held by the nobility. Example: no country has An aristocratic government.

Authoritarian: Avoring or enforcing strict obedience to authority, especially that of the Government, at the expense of personal freedom. Example: Argentina under Perón And Nasser in Egypt.

Communist: adhering To or based on the principles of communism. Example: Post-Soviet states: Armenia, Estonia.

Confederation: a more Or less permanent union of countries with some or most political power vested In a central authority. Example: Belgium, Canada.... Continue reading "Autonomous states come together to form a union called" »

Isabella II reigned between 1843 and 1868. Her reign meant the consolidation of Spain as a liberal State. She always preferred the moderates to rule and she called them to government in 1844.

MODERATE DECADE (1844-1854)

The moderates ruled for a decade. The strong man of this period was General Narváez. In this period a liberal conservative and centralized State consolidated, with the support of the aristocracy, the Church and the conservative bourgeoisie.

A new Constitution was written in 1845: sovereignty was shared between the monarch and the people and the State identified with Catholic religion. All the State, except from the Basque Provinces and Navarre, was submitted to the same laws. Tax collection was improved, a Criminal Code was approved... Continue reading "Isabella II: Reign, Politics, and Downfall" »

How the principles & mission of NATO changed since 1949. Illustrate its 2010.

NATO was created in 1945 during the Cold War as a military alliance of countries from the EU and North America. It is currently the most highly organized security organization with 28 member countries, and its purpose is to safeguard the freedom and security of its members through political and military means.

After 1991, the main goal became to create democracies and a community of values by contributing to overall Euro-Atlantic security. On a political dimension, NATO promotes democratic values, encourages consultation and cooperation on defense and security issues. On the military level, if diplomatic efforts fail, the organization has the military capacity to... Continue reading "Evolution of NATO: From Cold War Alliance to 21st Century Security Organization" »

After the Deposition of Isabella II, the Progressive Party and the Liberal Union formed a Provisional Government (1868-1870).

Its main Decisions were:

o Call Elections to Constituent Cortes: these Cortes wrote the Constitution of 1869, a Democratic Constitution, with a wide declaration of rights, universal male suffrage And a Parliamentary Monarchy.

o The peseta Was declared official currency.

o Search for a New king: the progressive General Prim was in charge of looking for a new king For the country. After several candidates, Amadeus of Savoy was chosen. He Arrived in Spain at the end of 1870.

This Democratic period allowed the arrival of propagandists of the International Workingmen’s Association and the first anarchist and Marxist groups were

The Causes of World War II

The Second World War was a vast conflict fought in Europe, Asia and other parts of the world. It was a conflict between the Axis powers, led by Germany, Italy and Japan, and the Allied powers that included Britain, the USSR, France and (from 1941) the United States.

• The impact of World War I: the peace treaties: Germany lost territory, and its economy was damaged by the need to pay war reparations.

• The rise of fascism and nationalism: many people feared that there would be a communist revolution in their own countries, people considered that fascism and extreme nationalism were the most effective way to combat communism.

• The weakness of democracies: democracies like Britain and France wanted to avoid a new war at any

16th text commentary: Elimination of the Economic Concert

This document deals with the elimination of the Economic Concert in Biscay and Gipuzkoa. It is a legal text; a law. It was written in 1937, this is, at the end of the Civil War in the Basque territories and the author is Francisco Franco. Being an official 1st level text, its target readers are all citizens.

After the elimination of the fueros of the Basque territories in 1876, basque people were given the Economic Concert. Even though losing the fueros meant losing autonomy and not having their own legislation, with the Economic Concert basques maintained some privileges. However, with this text Franco eliminated them. By the date this document was written, the hostilities of the Civil