Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Geography

Population Dynamics

Key Population Concepts

Population: The number of people inhabiting a particular place, influenced by physical environment, settlement patterns, economic activities, and history.

Population Density: The total number of inhabitants in a territory (absolute population) divided by the area it occupies in square kilometers.

Natality: The number of births in a population over a year.

Mortality: The number of deaths in a population over a year.

Birth Rate: The ratio of live births in a year to the average total population of that year.

Death Rate: The ratio of deaths to the population of a particular area during a specific period.

Life Expectancy: The average period a person may expect to live.

Migratory Change: Population movements to... Continue reading "Understanding Population Dynamics: Distribution, Growth, and Composition" »

❖ How does the availability of resources and the type of landscapes affect the nature of warfare?

2 Core Elements of industrial activitie (I). Raw materials

2.1. Industrial raw materials

According To their origin they can be classified as plant animal or geological matter.

-Plant sourced Raw materias; They are obtained from agriculture and silviculture.

-Animal Sourced raw materials; They are provide by livestock farming also from the Fishing industrie.

-Geological Raw materials; they are extracted from the Earth´s crust, Minerals from which Metals can be obtained and non-metalic materials, minerals represent the Largest quantity and variety of industrial raw materials. Rocks suchs as Granite, which are used directly or for manufacturing construction materials. Energy products, such as coal, crude oil, natural gas and uranium from which Energy

Causes of the Change of Urban-Rural Fringe:

• Cheaper land
• Less traffic congestion
• Easier access and better road infrastructure
• A pleasant environment with more open space

Type of Land Used:

• Housing
• Science and business parks, supermarkets, retail parks, and shopping centres
• Hotels and conference centres, offices, motorways
• Recreational areas such as parks and sports stadiums

Traffic:

Population structure, social, housing, services, transport, employment, environment

Solutions:

• Park and ride schemes:
  • Allow private car owners living in rural areas to travel where other public transport systems are unviable
  • Provides free car parking mainly at specially provided bus terminals
  • Provides efficient public transport within urban areas
  • Reduces traffic and pollution
• Short

Primary Sector

The primary sector involves activities related to obtaining natural resources for manufacturing or food:

• Agriculture
• Livestock farming
• Forestry
• Fishing

Secondary Sector

The secondary sector involves manufacturing raw materials and producing capital goods:

• Mining
• Industrial activities
• Construction
• Energy production

Tertiary Sector

The tertiary or service sector includes all the activities that produce intangible goods and services:

• Commerce
• Tourism
• Transport and communications
• Services

Steeps

Production, distribution, consumption

Factors

Natural resources, capital, labour

Agents

Households, government, businesses

CAUSES WWII:

- the great depression. A recession followed the wall street crush of 1929. European nations applied protectionist measures and competed for markets.

- Totalitarian regimes. As soon as the came to power, the Nazis implemented an agressive foreign policy to make up for the humilliation of the treaty of versailles.

- Militarisim and rearment. Germany violated the treaty of versailles by rearming and expanding.

- Territorial conflicts and expansionism. Old conflicts restarted in the territories that had passed into the hands of other nations after the WWI.

CLASS SOCIETY:

-upper class: consisted of the old nobility. The wealthy middle class consisted of bankers, industrialists and merchants.

-middle class: this class grew as the economy developed.... Continue reading "HISTORIA" »

In the second half of the 15th century, Europe entered a period of demographic and economic recovery. During this time, the bourgeoisie prospered and the monarchy became a more powerful force.

Environmental Issues

Nuclear Waste Management

1. Managers of nuclear plants are irresponsible about nuclear waste.
2. Managers of nuclear plants are not satisfied with the disposal of nuclear waste.

B.Answer the following questions in your own words.1. What happens when nuclear waste is buried in the ground?
They damage the soil for a long time......................................................................

2. Why is the air polluted in London?

For the amount of smoke produced by factories and cars...........................................

3. What is happening to wildlife as a result of the destruction of the rain forests?

Its natural environment is destroyed and many species become extinct........................

C.Rewrite the following sentence

England

England - London, Oxford, Liverpool, plains and moors, 60 million dense, 36 countries, industrialized since 18th century. Biggest growth in computing and banking. Many cathedrals and churches, small villages, old market towns, long coastline. Lake District inspired romantic poems.

Scotland

Scotland - Full of traditions, 5 million inhabitants. Part of GB since 1707 but still remains independent. Hills, lakes (lochs), fast-flowing rivers, deep valleys. Big cities like Glasgow and Edinburgh are international centers of music, festival of music and drama, engineering, printing, legal and educational systems.

Wales

Wales - Mountainous country. English monarch has the title Prince of Wales. Long rivers, wide lakes, high hills. Highest peak is... Continue reading "The United Kingdom: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland" »