Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Geography

Anarchism

A doctrine based on the defense of individual freedom, social solidarity, collective ownership, and the rejection of all authority.

Capitalism

An economic system in which industry and businesses are privately owned and generate profit.

Economic Liberalism

An economic doctrine based on private ownership.

Factory System

A method of manufacturing that uses machinery and the division of labor for the production of goods, usually on one site.

First International

An international association of trade unions and socialist, communist, and anarchist political groups founded in 1864.

Marxism

A radical form of socialism that advocated a revolution to overthrow capitalism.

Mechanisation

The use of machinery for the production of goods.

Norfolk Four-Course

Kingdom of Asturias

Pelayo defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Covadonga in 722, marking the start of the Christian Reconquest of Al-Andalus. Under Pelayo's successors, Oviedo became the capital. Alfonso III advanced the territory due to conflicts in the Emirate of Córdoba. In the 10th century, the capital moved to León.

Kingdom of León

Fernán González established his authority over all of Castile but was a vassal of the King of León. Fernando I became king in Castile in 1035 and in 1037, he became king of León. In 1157, the kingdom split again: Fernando II ruled León and Alfonso VIII ruled Castile. Fernando III inherited León in 1230 and in 1217, he inherited Castile.

Crown of Castile

The Crown of Castile had the same institutions and... Continue reading "Kingdoms of Asturias, León, Aragón, and Navarre: A History of Medieval Spain" »

Main Features of Tourism in Spain

In Spain, the international movement of passengers is focused in the airports of Madrid and Barcelona. However, there is also a significant flow of passengers through airports located in and near popular tourist destinations, such as Palma, Malaga, and Tenerife. Efforts are being made to increase the use of air transport for merchandise by improving cargo sections of airports.

Importance of Tourism in Spain

Spain is one of the main global centers for tourism, with 59.8 million tourists visiting in 2014. Tourism contributed almost 12% to GDP. Favorable factors influencing the development of tourism in Spain include the proximity to a European customer base, natural conditions with hot summers and excellent beaches,... Continue reading "Tourism in Spain: Main Features and Types of Tourism" »

Rise of Nazi Regime

The consolidation of Nazis in power began with the Reichstag fire on February 27, 1933. They accused communists and persecuted them, making all other political parties illegal. Hitler eliminated potential rivals in the Night of Long Knives in June 1934, assassinating SA members. After Hindenburg's death, Hitler became president and held all top positions, starting his dictatorship. He introduced anti-Semitic policies, banning Jews from professions in 1933, marriages in 1935, and leading to the Night of Broken Glass in 1938.

Nazi Economy

The Nazis established the 'Beauty of Work' propaganda initiative, abolished trade unions, and banned strikes. They attempted autarchy but focused on public works, military rearmament, and heavy... Continue reading "Rise of Nazi Regime and USSR Economic Policies" »

The term industrial revolution (1750-1870) may be misleading for two reasons:

1) revolution evokes an image of radical rupture, while the I.R. Is a process of evolutionary and cumulative economic change and, moreover, for more than half a century the English economy presents a dual aspect, where new and old technologies coexist

2) industrial seems to exclusively limit to the field of industry a process of changes that actually affects all sectors of the economy (demography, agriculture, transport, science, ...), which do not simply play a subordinate or accompanying role with respect to the industrial sector, but their transformation is a necessary condition for the IR to eventually crystallise

The change may be mainly explained by the improvement... Continue reading "Internal leakage in" »

City Centers

The activities of a city's inhabitants influence the way a city is organized. Although these activities are often found all over the city, many of them are concentrated in the distinctive place known as the city center. The city center has its own character and is a reference point for its citizens and for visitors. The city centers of many cities, particularly European cities, have historic and emblematic buildings, as well as the headquarters of companies and public administration bodies (councils, ministries, etc.). City centers also host shopping areas and entertainment centers. North American city centers contain the CBD (Central Business District), which features a landscape of skyscrapers and tertiary sector activities. The... Continue reading "City Centers and Urban Hierarchy: A Comparative Analysis" »

Consequences of imperialism

Political:the colonies because of their strategic and Economic value,became the sign of political rivalry between the colonising Power of dominion of territories, sometimes leading to war.

Economic: 1)the colonies expelled the indugenous tribes from Their land to establish their single crop plantations, such as tea,cofee etc… And put indigneous people as labourers, often with poor conditions. 2)indigneous Artisan crafts could not compete with the colonists manufactured products and gradually Dissapeared. 3)infrastucture such as ports and railways focused on importing And exporting products. 4) the world economy was organised unequally because the explotation of valuable resourcesand the Organisation of trade were... Continue reading "3 phases of greek culture" »

Tourism poses a serious threat to the environment. Tourism is defined as the activities that people do during their trips in places other than the ones they live. Tourism activities have negative economic, socio-cultural, and ecological consequences.

Negative Effects of Tourism

• Less work affecting the economy of its citizens
• Social discrimination
• Pollution
• Wastewater treatment
• Waste management
• Resource depletion
• Soil erosion due to the impact of visitors
• Deterioration and destruction of the local fauna and flora

Positive Effects of Tourism

On the other hand, tourism brings the improvement of health care, greater tolerance and well-being, and the rehabilitation of monuments, buildings, and historical places.

Sustainable Tourism

All countries should work... Continue reading "The Environmental Impact of Tourism: Negative Effects and Sustainable Solutions" »