Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Geography

Consequences of Capitalism: Economic Changes

Capitalism is an economic system based on liberalism in which most means of production (machinery, factories, etc.) are privately owned. Its main theory is that of a free market and is based on competition law (supply and demand and reduce costs).

• Capitalism led to an inequality society (class society): high difference by wealth.
• Sometimes led to overproduction and economic crisis. It grows very fast but can decrease also very fast.
• Banks are joint-stock companies.
• Could finish in monopolies or oligopolies.

Consequences of Capitalism: Social Changes

There are high, middle, or petty bourgeoisie. Factors of class society: Capitalism organized society into the bourgeoisie, the rich people who carried out business... Continue reading "Consequences of Capitalism: Economic and Social Changes" »

Economic Activity: An Overview

Economic activity encompasses the actions people undertake to organize the production, distribution, and consumption of goods. It addresses the fundamental challenge of fulfilling human needs, which are unlimited, using limited resources.

What is a Good in Economics?

In economics, a 'good' possesses two key characteristics:

• Scarcity: It is limited, making people willing to pay for it.
• Necessity: It fulfills human needs, justifying people's willingness to pay.

Production and Factors of Production

Production involves utilizing natural and human resources to create goods. These resources include:

• Natural Resources: Resources derived from the environment, such as biological, mineral, and energy sources.
• Human Resources: Encompass

The Secondary Sector: Industry

Definition

The secondary sector encompasses industries that transform raw materials into manufactured goods. This process involves the use of machinery and energy in enclosed spaces like factories, resulting in the mass production of products.

Types of Industry

By Maturity

• Mature: Textile, steel, naval
• Advanced: Biotechnology, microelectronics, telecommunications, robotics

By Destination of Products

• Basic Industries: Convert raw materials into semi-finished products
• Capital Goods Industries: Manufacture products essential for other industries
• Consumer Goods Industries: Produce goods for direct sale to consumers

The Post-Fordist Model

This model emphasizes the development of new technologies and industries, catering to individual... Continue reading "The Secondary Sector: Industry and Its Impact on Economic Growth" »

What is confederation?  When did it occur? 

The confederation was when Canada was born. Happened on July 1, 1867. 

What makes up the province of Canada?” also know the 2 cultures of each Pg 23-24

Canada East

Followed French Culture + mostly spoke French 

Canada West

Followed British Culture + mostly spoke English 

Which  areas of British North America did Hudson's bay company in the mid-1800s Pg 5

Rupert’s Land, New Caledonia

What were the 2 main events of the “great migration” Pg 7

Potato famine & the underground railroad

Know a couple of points from each of the 6 beginning colonies of bna Pg 23-27

Canada East - Industry flourished in Montreal in the late 1840s

- Most of the work in the factories was d1 by women & children

- They were... Continue reading "Population of men, women and children in kudan local government" »

Tertiary Sector

Benefits of Globalization

• Increased Quality: Companies must provide better goods and services to attract consumers.
• Lower Prices: Producers must price competitively to remain in the market.
• Reduced Cultural Barriers: Movement between countries fosters tolerance and openness.

Drawbacks of Globalization

• Exploitation: Companies may relocate factories to countries with cheaper labor, leading to exploitation (e.g., Adidas factory in Cambodia).
• Job Insecurity: Globalization increases competition for jobs, leading to job insecurity and lower wages.
• Dominance of Rich Countries: Globalization primarily benefits developed countries at the expense of developing countries.

Conclusion

Globalization can be beneficial if human rights are respected and product quality... Continue reading "Globalization: Benefits and Drawbacks in the Goods and Services Sector" »

Sioux (Dakota)

Warriors and Honor

Fierce warriors, feared by their neighbors. To win glory for their tribe and fame and honor for themselves, they fought one another. From boyhood on, males were taught to fear neither pain nor death. Bravery in battle was the surest way for a warrior to win respect and a high position in his tribe.

Lifestyle and Sustenance

Food, Shelter, Clothing: Buffalo (when the buffalo moved, they moved). Everything they owned was designed to be carried easily. Within hours they could take down their tepees (conical buffalo-skin tents that were their homes and a symbol of the American Indian way of life). The tepee was invented by the buffalo hunters of the western grasslands. It was built around a framework of about 12 slim,... Continue reading "Native American Tribes: Sioux and Haida" »

Economic Systems: An Overview

1. The Role of Economics

Economics governs the management and utilization of resources to meet individual and societal needs. Economic goods encompass:

• Products: Tangible items like food, books, and computers
• Services: Intangible work performed for others, such as transportation, education, and hairdressing

2. Factors of Production

Economic activities rely on various resources known as factors of production:

• Natural Resources: Earth, water, plants, animals, etc.
• Human Resources: People and their labor (e.g., teachers, doctors, hairdressers)
• Capital Resources: Money, buildings, machinery, equipment, etc.

3. Types of Economic Systems

Economic systems vary in how they control factors of production and allocate resources:

Planned

The Maya Civilization

The Maya were one of the most dominant indigenous societies of Mesoamerica. They were from a region that consisted of portions of Mexico, almost all Guatemala, the western part of Honduras, all of Belize, and the western part of El Salvador.

Development in Petén

- They attained their highest development in an area called Petén, which is a region of Guatemala, at the base of the Yucatán Peninsula.

Population Peak

- At its peak, the Maya population may have reached 2,000,000.

Characteristics

- They were established in the Pre-Classic period (2000 BC to AD 250) and were characterized by their many developments and discoveries.

- They demonstrated great abilities in architecture, sculpture, painting, mathematics, and astronomy.... Continue reading "Maya Civilization: Achievements, Decline, and Mysteries" »