Mastering English Conditionals and Reported Speech
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English Grammar Essentials
The Conditionals
Zero Conditional
Use: Scientific truths, general facts.
Structure: If + Present Simple ... Present Simple
First Conditional
Use: Real and possible future situations (Cause and consequence).
Structure: If + Present Simple ... will/won’t + Infinitive
Example: If you study, you will pass the exams.
Second Conditional
Use: Unreal or hypothetical present/future cases.
Structure: If + Past Simple ... would/wouldn’t + Infinitive
Example: If I were (not was) rich, I would buy myself a car.
Third Conditional
Use: Impossible situations in the past (something that did not happen).
Structure: If + Past Perfect ... would/wouldn’t have + Past Participle
Example: If I had known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.