Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for French

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Essential English Grammar and Lexicon Review

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Advanced English Vocabulary Sets

Vocabulary Set 7

  • available (disponible)
  • backwards (a l'inrevés)
  • campaign
  • customer
  • deal with (tractar de)
  • design
  • effort
  • face
  • give advice (donar consells)
  • grab (agafar)
  • grateful (agraït)
  • item (tema)
  • majority
  • minority
  • no matter (no importa)
  • population (població)
  • run a business (administrar negoci)
  • scissors
  • set it up (va crear)
  • unaware (sense adonar-se)

Vocabulary Set 8

  • admit
  • beat (vèncer)
  • brave (valent)
  • desperate
  • Earth
  • evidence
  • flag
  • footprint (empremta)
  • hoax (engany)
  • insult
  • land (la terra)
  • leave behind (deixar enrere)
  • mankind (la humanitat)
  • moon
  • operate
  • proudly (orgullós)
  • purposely
  • race
  • shot (tir)
  • step (pas)
  • take off (treure)
  • theory
  • top secret

Vocabulary Set 9

  • appliance (electrodomèstic)
  • broadcast (transmetre)
  • cash (diners en efectiu)
  • contestant (concursant)
... Continue reading "Essential English Grammar and Lexicon Review" »

Education Vocabulary: English with Catalan Translations

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Basic Terms

Alike: similar

Though: encara que

Dropout rate: taxa d’abandonament

Figure: xifra

Constraints: problemes

Worldwide: arreu del món

Broad range: una àmplia varietat

Affordable: assequible

Tuition fees: pagament de la matrícula

Get into debt: endeutar-se

Loans: préstec

Foster skills: fomentar habilitats

Schedule: horari / timetable

Peer pressure: pressió de grup

To attend: assistir

Foster parents: pares d’acollida

Attendance: assistència

Take into: consideration, account

Get: a chance, a university degree, into debt, a taste, a university education

Drop out of: a class, a group, university

Offer a broad range of: choices, products, alternatives, classes, courses

Set: goals, a date, a time, their own schedule

Be faced with: problems, the social... Continue reading "Education Vocabulary: English with Catalan Translations" »

Professional Business Communication Formats and Standards

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The Saluda: Formal Business Greetings

The Saluda is a formal document used by company directors, public organizations, and authorities for gratitude, event invitations, taking possession of a role, or established rule changes.

  • Style: It is drafted in the third person with double spacing and brief content.
  • Restrictions: It is not signed, does not bear the company seal, and does not include the recipient's address.

Structure of the Saluda

The Saluda consists of three parts:

  1. Home (Header): This includes the person who sends it and the company business name, followed by the greeting.
  2. Content: The text will be followed by the word "a", then the name and last name of the recipient in UPPERCASE. If the specific data is not known, the office to which the
... Continue reading "Professional Business Communication Formats and Standards" »

Sports Terminology and Iconic Global Tournaments

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Popular Individual and Team Sports

Le football: soccer, le tennis: tennis, le basketball: basketball, le handball: handball, le volleyball: volleyball, le rugby: rugby, le baseball: baseball, le badminton: badminton, le tennis de table: table tennis, le polo: polo, le water-polo: water polo, le golf: golf, le billard: billiards, and le bowling: bowling.

Martial Arts and Combat Sports

Le judo: judo, le karaté: karate, le taekwondo: taekwondo, la lutte: fighting/wrestling, la boxe: boxing, and l'escrime: fencing (including l'épée: sword, le fleuret: foil, and le sabre: sabre).

Water and Winter Sports

La natation: swimming, la natation synchronisée: synchronized swimming, la plongée: diving, le surf: surfing, la voile: sailing, le ski nautique:... Continue reading "Sports Terminology and Iconic Global Tournaments" »

Mastering French Pronouns, Adverbs, and Reported Speech

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Module 5: Essential French Grammar Concepts

Les Pronoms (Pronouns)

In French, there are different types of pronouns depending on their role within the sentence:

  • Subject Pronouns (Pronoms Sujets)

    Placed before the verb: je, tu, il, elle, on, nous, vous, ils, elles.

  • Direct Object Pronouns (COD)

    Placed before the verb: me, te, le, la, l', nous, vous, les.

  • Indirect Object Pronouns (COI)

    These replace nominal groups that are preceded by the preposition à. They are placed before the verb: me, te, lui, nous, vous, leur.

  • Stressed Pronouns (Pronoms Toniques)

    Used for emphasis, after prepositions, after a comma following a verb, or behind c'est: moi, toi, lui, elle, nous, vous, eux, elles.

  • Reflexive Pronouns (Pronoms Réfléchis)

    Used with pronominal verbs, placed

... Continue reading "Mastering French Pronouns, Adverbs, and Reported Speech" »

French Vocabulary: Body, Family, and Phone Phrases

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Body Parts in French

  • Les yeux (plural): Eyes
  • Un œil: An eye
  • Le nez: Nose
  • La main: Hand
  • Un doigt: A finger
  • Le coude: Elbow
  • Les cheveux (plural): Hair
  • La tête: Head
  • Les oreilles (plural): Ears
  • Le cou: Neck
  • Une épaule: Shoulder
  • Le bras: Arm
  • Le dos: Back
  • Le poing: Fist
  • Le genou: Knee
  • La poitrine: Chest
  • Le pied: Foot
  • La jambe: Leg
  • Une dent: Tooth
  • Le squelette: Skeleton
  • Le foie: Liver
  • Un muscle: Muscle
  • Le cerveau: Brain
  • Le cœur: Heart
  • Les poumons (plural): Lungs
  • L'estomac (masculine): Stomach
  • Les artères (plural): Arteries

Family Members in French

  • Le père: Father
  • La mère: Mother
  • Les enfants (plural): Children
  • Le frère: Brother
  • La sœur: Sister
  • Les fils (plural): Sons
  • Les filles (plural): Daughters
  • Les parents (plural): Parents
  • Le grand-père: Grandfather
  • La grand-mère: Grandmother
  • Les
... Continue reading "French Vocabulary: Body, Family, and Phone Phrases" »

Dialogues en français : Incendies et Projets de Voyage

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Incendie en Provence : Un Appel à l'Aide

Nous sommes en Provence, en plein été. Il fait très chaud. Un incendie se propage rapidement à cause du mistral.

Éric : Isabelle, où vas-tu comme ça ?

Isabelle : Ben, tu sais qu'on a demandé des volontaires pour faire un coupe-feu ! Tu viens, toi ?

Éric : Oh... Tu crois qu'on demande des filles ?

Isabelle : Des filles ou des garçons, qu'est-ce que ça peut faire ?

Éric : Ben... Les filles, on est moins fortes, on fatigue avant !

Isabelle : Ne cherche pas d'excuses, Éric... Les filles, vous êtes aussi fortes que les garçons. Tu dois faire un effort !

Éric : Mais je ne sais pas si je vais tenir le coup ! J'hésite...

Isabelle : Tu dis qu'il faut toujours aider les autres. Eh bien, voilà l'occasion.... Continue reading "Dialogues en français : Incendies et Projets de Voyage" »

French Daily Life, Time, and Verbs

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French Daily Routines

Examples

  • D'habitude, je me lève à sept heures: Usually, I get up at 7
  • Le dimanche, je me lève à dix heures: On Sunday, I get up at 10
  • En semaine, je prends le petit déjeuner vers dix heures et quart: During the week, I take breakfast around 10:15
  • Chaque jour j'étudie de 5h à 7h: Every day, I study from 5 to 7
  • Le weekend je me couche vers minuit: On weekends, I go to bed around midnight

Questions

  • Qu'est-ce que tu fais pendant une journée typique?: What do you do during a typical day?
  • Tu te couches vers quelle heure?: What time do you go to bed?
  • Est-ce que tu sors beaucoup?: Do you go out often?

Friends' Routines

  • Mon ami John se lève le weekend à 9h et en semaine à 7h et demie: My friend John gets up at 9 on weekends and
... Continue reading "French Daily Life, Time, and Verbs" »

Mastering French Grammar: Opinion, Negation, and Speech

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Expressing Opinions in French

Je crois que - I believe that

Je pense que - I think that

Je trouve que - I find that

Negation in French

Il ne travaille plus en Bretagne. (He no longer works in Brittany)

Je ne vois personne. (I don't see anyone)

Je ne vois rien. (I see nothing)

Je ne mange jamais de viande. (I never eat meat)

Je n'ai qu'une sœur. (I only have one sister)

Indirect Speech in French

Elle dit qu'elle a faim. (She says that she is hungry)

Il dit... (He says...)

Il demande d'aller chercher les... (He asks to go get the...)

Vous allez le voir? Il demande si je vais le voir. (Are you going to see it? He asks if I am going to see it)

Qui es-tu? (subject) Il demande qui je suis. (Who are you? He asks who I am)

Qu'est-ce que tu fais? (COD) Il demande

... Continue reading "Mastering French Grammar: Opinion, Negation, and Speech" »