Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for English

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Research, Astronomy, and Philosophy: Exploring the World of Science and Ideas

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Research (Investigación) - Invest/Investor (Invertir)


Astronomy/Astronomer - Politics/Politician (Política) - Invent/Inventor - Philosophy/Philosopher - Law/Lawyer (Ley) - Physics/Physicist (Física)


Make Up (Invent a Story) - Put Forward (Sugerir Algo) - Point Out (Explain Something) - Find Out (Descubrir) - Look Into (Uncover Information) - Bring About (Hacer que algo suceda)



Classmate, Room - Science Class, Fiction, Teacher


Computer Game, Program - Space Exploration


Pen Drive, Friend - Website, Blog


Time Table, Machine - Relativity (Theory)


Black Hole (Force Gravity Strong) - Precognition (Future) - Orbit, Cosmologist, Light Years



1-(UNLESS) IF + S + VPRESENTSIMPLE, S + VFUTURESIMPLE + COSA


If you study, you will pass the exam.


2-IF + S + VPASTSIMPLE,

... Continue reading "Research, Astronomy, and Philosophy: Exploring the World of Science and Ideas" »

Reported Speech and Adverbs: Correcting Common Mistakes

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Reported Speech

  • Present simple - past simple
  • Present continuous - past continuous
  • Past simple - past perfect
  • Present Perfect - conditional simple
  • Can - could
  • May - might
  • Future intention - wasn't/were + going to

Adverbs

  • This - that
  • These - those
  • There - there
  • Last month - the previous month
  • Last year - the year after
  • Now - then
  • Today - that day
  • Tonight - that night
  • Yesterday - the previous day
  • Tomorrow - the following day
  • Ago - before

Shopping, Emotions, and Environment Vocabulary

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Shopping

  • Afford
  • Auction
  • Bargain
  • Boutique
  • Brand
  • Browse
  • Cashier
  • Charity Shop
  • Changing Room
  • Customer
  • Deliver
  • Department Store
  • Exchange
  • Get a discount
  • Order
  • Pay in cash/credit
  • Personal Shopper
  • Refund
  • Rip sb off
  • Sales
  • Sales Assistant
  • Save up
  • Second-hand
  • Shopping Trip
  • Sweatshop
  • Take sb on
  • Take sb out
  • Window Shopping

Emotions

  • Be bitten by
  • Be hooked on
  • Be on a high
  • Be up to your eyeballs in
  • Cost an arm and a leg
  • Feel down
  • Get out of hand
  • Get on a spending spree
  • Live from hand to mouth
  • Retail therapy
  • Shop 'til you drop
  • Shop on a shoestring
  • Tighten your belt
  • Cheer up
  • Face up to
  • Get through
  • Go on
  • Make up for

Environment

  • Biodegradable
  • Compost
  • Consume
  • Consumer
  • Consumption
  • Dispose
  • Disposable
  • Dump
  • Dumped
  • Emit
  • Emission
  • Environmental
  • Incinerate
  • Incinerator
  • Landfill Site
  • Manufacture
  • Manufacturer
  • Pollute
  • Pollution
  • Pollutant
  • Recycle
  • Recycling
  • Recyclable
  • Recycled
  • Renewable
  • Reuse
  • Sustain
  • Sustainability
  • Sustainable
  • Toxic
  • Waste
  • Wasteful

a

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afford, auction, bargain, boutique, brand, browse, cashier, changing room, charity shop, customer, deliver, department store, exchange, get a discount, order, pay in cash, pay by credit card, personal shopper, refund, rip something off, sales, sales assistant, save up, second-hand, shopping trip, sweatshop,, take something back, try something on, try something out, window shopping, be bitten by the bug, be hooked on, be on a high, be up to your eyeballs in, cost an arm and a leg, feel down, get out of hand, go on a spending spree, livre from hand to mouth, retail therapy, shop on a shoestring, shop until you drop, tighten you belt, biodegradable, compost, consume, consumer, consumption, dispose, disposable, dump, dumped, emit, shopaholic, facing,
... Continue reading "a" »

Personal Notes: Canada Travel, Malaga Property & Mobile Tech

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Letter About My Upcoming Canada Trip

Dear Michel,

I'm writing to inform you that next summer I will travel to Canada and I will be there for approximately two months. I know that we have not had contact for a while, but taking advantage of the fact that I have a vacation, I would like to go and visit you and, in the meantime, get to know all the beautiful places that Canada has.

I don't know anything about Canada yet. I would like to see interesting places, famous museums, historical and old sites with a lot of history. I also think a lot about what the people there will be like, because we Spaniards are quite extroverted people, and I'm afraid that people there might not be the same.

Finally, I have another question regarding money. Here in Spain,... Continue reading "Personal Notes: Canada Travel, Malaga Property & Mobile Tech" »

Modal Verbs and Their Usage in English Grammar

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Could: she could have missed the bus - possibility - Yes or no

May - Might: she may have missed the bus/ she might be upset - probability
I could ride a bike when I was 5: general situation
I was able to ride a bike that stormy night: specific situation
In the negative couldn't is the same as wasn't able to
Could + have + past participle: Past ability that wasn't used, you had the opportunity but I didn't take it. You could have told me - (criticism)
May and might cannot be used in wh-questions
Obligation: from the speaker's point of view: Must - I must study for the exam (internal obligation, imposing myself) Have to- I have to study modals (I have to is external, somebody is obligating me to do that)
You mustn't use the dictionary - internal prohibition
Don'
... Continue reading "Modal Verbs and Their Usage in English Grammar" »

School and Social Media: Benefits and Drawbacks

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School: A Foundation for Growth and Learning

Many people believe that school plays a crucial role in a child's development, fostering daily learning and personal growth. Others, however, hold a different view.

The Advantages of Schooling

On the one hand, school provides a structured environment for acquiring essential knowledge and skills. Students learn to read, write, add, subtract, divide, and master numerous other subjects that are fundamental to their intellectual development. Beyond academics, school instills important values such as politeness, responsibility, and respect. It is a place where individuals encounter diverse personalities, forging lifelong friendships while also learning to navigate complex social dynamics.

The Challenges of

... Continue reading "School and Social Media: Benefits and Drawbacks" »

Application for Assistant Position

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Dear Sir or Madam

I am writing to apply for the post of assistant in the office, which was advertised on the internet.
I have considerable experience in law offices and companies.
I have worked in offices.
I consider myself reliable and hardworking. If necessary, I can provide references from the places I have worked.
I would be very grateful for the opportunity to meet you and discuss my application in person.
I will be available to start work on the 25th October after my exams.
I am enclosing my CV.
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours faithfully

English Grammar Rules: Passive, Relative Clauses, Verb Patterns, Reported Speech

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PASSIVE

Present simple = am/are/is + used (+by)

Present continuous = am/are/is + being used (+by)

Past simple = was/were + used (+by)

Past continuous = was/were + being used (+by)

Present perfect simple = have/has + been used (+by)

Past perfect simple = had + been used (+by)

Future = will + be used (+by)

Infinitive = to be used (+by)

Present modals = modal + be used (+by)

Past modals = modal + have been used (+by)

RELATIVE CLAUSES

·Defining: People WHO/THAT

·Non defining: People WHO

Things WHICH/THAT

Things WHICH

Places WHERE

Places WHERE

Time WHEN

Time WHEN

Possession WHOSE

Possession WHOSE

Reason WHY

Reason WHY

VERB PATTERNS

·verb + ing:

Like, love, enjoy, dislike, hate, don't mind, can't stand, can't bear, admit,

appreciate, avoid, advise, consider, deny, understand,

... Continue reading "English Grammar Rules: Passive, Relative Clauses, Verb Patterns, Reported Speech" »

1984: Winston and Julia's Secret Rebellion and Plans for the Future

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  1. Who is singing the song Winston hears through the window of the rented room above Mr. Charrington’s shop? The song is being sung by a prole woman hanging washing on a line in a courtyard below the window of the rented room.
  2. What does the Music Department use to produce songs for the proles? The Music Department produces songs using a machine called a versifactor.

  3. Where is Winston certain he and Julia will end up before their executions? Winston is certain he and Julia will end up being tortured into confessing in the cellars of the Ministry of Love.

  4. What does Julia bring to the rented room in her tool bag? Julia brings real coffee, tea, sugar, bread, and jam to share. She also brings makeup for herself.

  5. What country does Julia say Oceania has
... Continue reading "1984: Winston and Julia's Secret Rebellion and Plans for the Future" »