Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for English

Be; Was/were; been; ser, estar

Beat; beat; beaten; golpear

Become; became; become; llegar a ser

Begin; began; begun; empezar

Bend; bent; bent; doblar

Bet; bet; bet; apostar

Bite; bit; bitten; morder

Bleed; bled; bled; sangrar

Blow; blew; blown; soplar

Break; broke; broken; romper

Bring; brought; brought; traer

Build; built; built; construir

Burn; burnt; burnt; quemar

Buy; bought; bought; comprar

Catch; caught; caught; coger

Choose; chose; chosen; elegir

Come; came; come; venir

Cost; cost; cost; costar

Cut; cut; cut; cortar

Dig; dug; dug; cavar

Do; did; done; hacer

Draw; drew; drawn; dibujar

Dream; dreamt; dreamt; soñar

Drink; drank; drunk; beber

Drive; drove; driven; conducir

Eat; ate; eaten; comer

Fall; fell; fallen; fallen; caer

Feed; fed; fed; alimentarse

Feel; felt;... Continue reading "Common Irregular Verbs in English" »

Used to vs. Would

To talk about habits and continuous actions in the past, we can use used to or would.

• We use used to with both action and stative verbs.
• We only use would with action verbs.
• We use both would and used to with repeated actions.

Adverbs and Adverbial Phrases

We often form adverbial phrases with:

• in a/an + noun/adjective + way
• with/without + noun/adjective

Obligation, Permission, and Prohibition

To express obligation or necessity, we can use have to or must. To say something is (or isn't) a good idea, we can use should. To express no obligation or necessity, we can use don't have to or don't need to. To express permission, we can use let, and to say that something is not permitted, we use not to be allowed to.

Necessity: Didn't Have To,

Holidays: Exploring Menorca

The Island's Charm

Imagine a place where relaxation meets vibrant fun. Menorca, nestled next to Mallorca in the Balearic Islands, offers just that. Every summer, the island's population swells with tourists drawn to its pristine beaches and coves. Escape the stress of urban life and find tranquility in Menorca's captivating landscapes.

Binibeca: A Picturesque Village

My stay in Binibeca, a charming fishing village, was unforgettable. Whitewashed houses adorned with colorful flowers create a picturesque setting. Every detail on this island enchants its visitors.

A Place of Self-Discovery

Menorca is more than just a destination; it's an experience. The peaceful sea views and captivating landscapes leave you speechless.... Continue reading "Menorca & The Maze Runner" »

Core Reporting Verbs: Say, Tell, Wonder, Explain

These verbs are fundamental for transforming direct speech into indirect speech, often requiring tense and pronoun shifts.

• Say (something, optionally to someone):

  Direct: "I am ill."

  Reported: She said she was ill.

• Tell (someone):

  Direct: "You are late, Dad."

  Reported: She told her father he was late.

• Tell (someone to do / not to do something):

  Direct: "Don't come back, Josh."

  Reported: She told Josh not to go back.

• Wonder (used for reported questions/thoughts):

  Direct: "Why are they looking at me?"

  Reported: She wondered why they were looking at her.

• Explain (optionally to someone):

  Direct: "I'm angry because I missed the train."

  Reported: She explained (to me) she was angry because she had missed the train.

Louise Bourgeois: A Sculptor's Life and Enduring Legacy

Louise Bourgeois, one of the world’s most respected and celebrated contemporary sculptors, was born in Paris on Christmas Day, 1911. Her pieces are sometimes abstract, and the symbolic interpretations of her art are based on relationships. She explored different artistic modes, from abstract to realism, and her work can be found in the best museums around the world.

Early Life and Artistic Journey

Louise’s parents restored decorative wall hangings, called tapestries, which provided her first contact with art. Her parents’ turbulent relationship made her anxious to search for form and order as a child. She studied mathematics at France’s most prestigious university, the Sorbonne, but... Continue reading "Artistic Legacies and Beloved Urban Retreats" »

Positive and negative aspects of my life in 2175----Is it really beneficial to live in 2175? UTTERLY, my life in 2175 is AWESOME. Living here is very different; PUNCTUALLY my life, my family and my careers have changed a lot. The positive aspects are more than the negative ones and they are AWESOME, however, the negative aspects are CHILLY and INSUFFERABLE due to the lack of emotions.-----The positive aspects are INCREDIBLE and they are more than the negative ones due to the following reasons. First, I have some robots that do the housework for me, so I do not have to clean it anymore. Second, I have studied many careers, and changed my job many times, so I had the opportunity to study five careers in college. It was TOLERABLE to have worked... Continue reading "Life in 2175: A Futuristic Perspective" »

Essential Vocabulary: Definitions for Modern Life

Expand your understanding of key terms across various domains, from fashion and social interactions to careers and global issues.

Fashion & Style Terminology

• Stud: A small, decorative metal object used as an embellishment for clothing or accessories.
• Baggy: Loose-fitting, often referring to clothing.
• Fringe: Hair cut short and worn over the forehead; also, a decorative border of hanging threads.
• High Heels: Shoes with a raised heel, typically worn by women.
• Plain Denim: Denim fabric without embellishments or patterns, offering a simple aesthetic.
• Tie-Dyed Cotton: Cotton fabric decorated with a tie-dye pattern.
• Striped Silk: Silk fabric featuring a pattern of stripes.
• Flowy Velvet: Velvet fabric with

Sentence Transformations, Conditionals and Phrasal Verbs

List of Items

1. 1. Artificial text: bcabdccd (conflicts)
2. 2. The Park: bbaaabcb (attraction)
3. 3. The red: cbdcacbd (history)
4. 4. On to: caaaaaaa (dinner)
5. 5. Jaime decided: bbcddacc (industry)
6. 6. Robots that: cbbadbaa (need)
7. 7. The Norway: bcdbabbb (years)
8. 8. Who words: cdabcdca (past)
9. 9. Ritesh because: ddadadda (attempt)
10. 10. Women vote: bbacadbd (voters)
11. 11. Recent that: ccbacadb (age)
12. 12. The lived: dddabcdc (apartment)
13. 13. The in: acbccdbb (teachers)
14. 14. According bullying: caacddab (school)
15. 15. Comparing nomophobia: aaabcaaa (time)
16. 16. The was: daacbdac (define)
17. 17. The are: dcbacacd (divided)
18. 18. The because: cbadbabd (money)
19. 19. The because: cabddacd (Camino)
20. 20. The that: dbaacdad (future)
21. 21. Nas that:

Mastering Essential English Irregular Verbs

V1 (Base Form) | V2 (Past Simple) | V3 (Past Participle) | Spanish Meaning

Verbs A - F

• Become | Became | Become | Llegar a ser
• Begin | Began | Begun | Empezar
• Bend | Bent | Bent | Doblar
• Bet | Bet | Bet | Apostar
• Bid | Bid | Bid | Pujar
• Bind | Bound | Bound | Atar, encuadernar
• Bite | Bit | Bitten | Morder
• Breed | Bred | Bred | Criar
• Bring | Brought | Brought | Traer, llevar
• Broadcast | Broadcast | Broadcast | Radiar
• Build | Built | Built | Edificar
• Burn | Burnt/Burned | Burnt/Burned | Quemar
• Burst | Burst | Burst | Reventar
• Buy | Bought | Bought | Comprar
• Cast | Cast | Cast | Arrojar
• Catch | Caught | Caught | Coger
• Choose | Chose | Chosen | Elegir
• Cling | Clung | Clung | Agarrarse
• Cost | Cost | Cost | Costar
• Creep | Crept

Understanding English Past Tenses

Past Simple

The Past Simple tense is used for completed actions or events in the past.

• She walked to the store yesterday.
• He ate dinner at 7 o'clock last night.
• They watched a movie together on Friday.
• I ate pizza last night.
• We went to the park yesterday.
• The city built a new library last year.

Past Continuous

The Past Continuous tense describes an action that was happening at a specific time in the past.

• While I was studying, the phone rang.
• She was sleeping when the guests arrived.
• They were talking about their vacation plans all afternoon.
• I was watching TV at 8 pm.
• They were playing soccer when it started to rain.
• While the government was implementing conservation measures, wildlife populations started to increase.
• In