Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for English

Have got - Ann and Bill had red shirts

Our story begins with an unnamed narrator, who directly addresses the reader, insisting on his sanity despite a chilling confession: he has taken the life of an old man. He clarifies that his motive wasn't driven by passion or greed, but by an irrational fear of the man's pale, blue eye. He emphasizes his meticulous planning and execution, believing these actions demonstrate his sanity rather than madness.

Every night, the narrator would stealthily enter the old man's apartment, observing him as he slept. He would then retreat, maintaining a facade of normalcy during the day. After a week of this routine, he decides, seemingly on a whim, that the time has come to carry out his sinister plan.

On the eighth night, however, the old man awakens with... Continue reading "The Tell-Tale Heart: A Descent into Madness" »

Reported Speech

Verb Tense Changes in Reported Speech

• Present Simple becomes Past Simple
  • -s/-es changes to -ed or irregular verb form
• Present Continuous becomes Past Continuous
  • am/is/are + verb-ing changes to was/were + verb-ing
• Past Simple becomes Past Perfect
  • -ed or irregular verb form changes to had + past participle (3rd column)
• Present Perfect becomes Past Perfect
  • have/has + past participle changes to had + past participle
• Past Perfect remains Past Perfect
  • had + past participle remains had + past participle
• Present Perfect Continuous becomes Past Perfect Continuous
  • have/has + been + verb-ing changes to had + been + verb-ing
• Past Perfect Continuous remains Past Perfect Continuous
  • had + been + verb-ing remains had + been + verb-ing
• Future Simple

A Conversation at the Louvre

Part 1: The Mona Lisa

A: It is great to be on our own again.

M: Yes.

A: Is this the first time you have been to the Louvre?

M: Uh-huh.

A: What is the matter? Is this about the meeting because I agreed with Jacques and not with you?

M: Yes, well, we knew it would not be easy working together, I mean.

A: It is difficult for me as well. But if I don't agree with you...

M: I know, you are the boss.

A: And I have to do my job. I really thought that Jacques' idea was better. And so did Scarlett.

M: It is not a big deal, Allie. I am fine, really. So, who exactly was the Mona Lisa?

A: I am not sure. I think she was the wife of a banker.

M: Is that why she is smiling? Because her husband has a good salary?

A: I also read somewhere that... Continue reading "Gender Differences in Reading and Shopping Preferences" »

Understanding Verb Complementation Types

Verb complementation describes the grammatical elements that follow a verb to complete its meaning. This document details four primary types: intransitive, monotransitive, ditransitive, and complex-transitive verbs.

Intransitive Verbs

An intransitive verb does not require any complements. Some verbs are always intransitive, as seen in these examples: John has arrived or Your views do not matter.

Monotransitive Verbs

Monotransitive verbs require a direct object, which can manifest in several forms:

• Noun Phrase: Noun phrases can become the subject of a corresponding passive clause. For example: The problem was understood (by everyone).
• Finite Clause: These include various types:
  • That-clause as Object: Everyone

CONDITIONAL CLAUSES TYPES I, II AND III

Complete these Type I conditional sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1. If you like fruit, you should try (try) these peaches.

2. If you heat water to 100°C, it boils (boil). (0 conditional)

3. If it keeps on raining, they will not be able (not / be able) to play the match.

4. “Unless the chair is in the sale,they will not buy (not / buy) it,” my mother said.

5. You should call (call) for a doctor if you really have a temperature.

6. If you rent an apartment by the seaside, you you will have (have) a fantastic holiday.

7. Unless you give me a lift, I will not arrive (not / arrive) in time.

8. You should come (come) here if you want me to explain the exercise.

Decide if the following sentences are Type I or Type

From Adjectives to Adverbs (-ment)

To form adverbs, we add -ly:

• Polite → Politely
• Adjectives ending in -y change to -ily: Happy → Happily
• Adjectives ending in -ic add -ally: Pessimistic → Pessimistically
• Irregular adverbs: Fast → Fast, Hard → Hard, Good → Well

Opposites

• Accepted → Refused
• Complicated → Simple
• Poorer → Wealthier
• Earlier → Later
• Meanness → Generosity
• End → Beginning
• Brilliant → Awful
• Import → Export
• Baggy → Tight
• Fail → Succeed
• Old-fashioned → Modern
• Raise → Lower

Third Conditional

If + Past Perfect (had/hadn't + past participle), would have + past participle

Hypothetical past events (events that didn't happen).
Example: If Mark had left earlier, he would have caught the train.

Comparatives and Superlatives

My Routine in the School Internship

My schedule as an intern teacher. The first two hours I join her in an assembly. There, we teach them the days of the week, to sing the spring song, the weather, what we are going to eat in the dining room, and also plan the activities that we are going to do during the day. They learn all through pictograms. When the class is over, they have breakfast and go to the park.

After the park, I do different activities with one of the students, while the rest of them work with the other teacher. When we finish the activities, they are free to play until lunchtime.

At 13 o'clock, everybody goes to the dining room, and I support the guardian there and try to teach the children good manners at the table.

On Monday and... Continue reading "School Internship Routine and Impact of Bullying on Children" »