Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for English

How to Write an Informal Email

1. The Greeting

Begin your email or letter with a friendly greeting. Examples include: Hi, Hi there, Hiya, or Dear [Name].

2. Introduction and Responding

Ask about your friend's health, thank them for their previous message, and mention the reason for writing. Useful phrases include:

• Thanks for your letter/email.
• It's great to hear from you!
• Sorry it's taken me so long to reply.

3. The Body

Write two or three short paragraphs covering the main subjects of your email.

4. Conclusion and Closing

Include your closing remarks and a sign-off.

• Closing remarks: Lots of love to you and your family, Hope everyone's doing well, Say "hi" to [Name] for me!
• Sign-offs: Bye for now, Write soon, See you soon, Call me, Take care, Love from,

Macbeth by William Shakespeare

1. Introduction

• Written: 1605.
• Plot: Macbeth overthrows the rightful King of Scotland.
• Historical Context: Elizabeth I ruled England for 45 years during the Elizabethan era. Following her, James I became King of England and Scotland; Shakespeare wrote Macbeth at the beginning of his reign.

2. The Historical Reality

• Real King: Macbeth was a real King of Scotland who reigned from 1040–1057.
• Success: His historical reign was considered successful.
• Duncan: He did kill King Duncan, but the real Macbeth had a legitimate claim to the throne.
• Death: The real Macbeth was a strong leader killed in Lumphanan, not Dunsinane.

3. Tragedy and Literary Devices

• Atmosphere: Shakespeare uses a sinister mood, setting most of the play at night

Mastering English Irregular Verbs (A-L)

This comprehensive list provides essential irregular verbs from A to L, detailing the Spanish meaning alongside the three core English forms: Infinitive, Past Simple, and Past Participle. Use this resource to improve your conjugation accuracy.

Irregular Verb Forms Reference

• Spanish Meaning | Infinitive | Past Simple | Past Participle

Verbs Starting with B

• Ser: be | was/were | been
• Hacerse: become | became | become
• Empezar: begin | began | begun
• Picar: bite | bit | bitten
• Romper: break | broke | broken
• Traer: bring | brought | brought
• Construir: build | built | built
• Comprar: buy | bought | bought

Verbs Starting with C

• Poder: can | could | (Modal verb)
• Coger: catch | caught | caught
• Escoger: choose | chose | chosen
• Venir:

Honey, Honey Lyrics (Mamma Mia!)

Honey, Honey, how he thrills me, a-ha, Honey, Honey.
Honey, Honey, nearly kills me, a-ha, Honey, Honey.
I've heard about him before,
I wanted to know some more.
And now I know what they mean, he's a love machine.
Oh, he makes me dizzy.

Ali: A love machine?

Sophie: That's nothing!

Honey, Honey, let me feel it, a-ha, Honey, Honey.
Honey, Honey, don't conceal it, a-ha, Honey, Honey.
The way that you kiss goodnight,
(The way that you hold me tight)
I feel like I wanna sing when you do your thing!

Honey, Honey, touch me, baby, a-ha, Honey, Honey.
Honey, Honey, hold me, baby, a-ha, Honey, Honey.
You look like a movie star,
But I know just who you are.
And, honey, to say the least,
You're a doggone beast!

Under Attack Lyrics

Comprehensive List of Irregular Verbs

Verb Conjugations

This list provides the base, past simple, and past participle forms of common irregular verbs in English.

• Be / Was, Were / Been - ser/estar
• Beat / Beat / Beaten - vencer
• Become / Became / Become - llegar a ser
• Begin / Began / Begun - empezar
• Bite / Bit / Bitten - morder
• Break / Broke / Broken - romper
• Bring / Brought / Brought - traer
• Broadcast / Broadcast / Broadcast - transmitir
• Build / Built / Built - construir
• Burn / Burnt/Burned / Burnt/Burned - quemar
• Buy / Bought / Bought - comprar
• Can / Could / (been able to) - poder
• Catch / Caught / Caught - coger
• Come / Came / Come - venir
• Cost / Cost / Cost - costar
• Cut / Cut / Cut - cortar
• Do / Did / Done - hacer
• Draw / Drew / Drawn - dibujar
• Dream / Dreamt/Dreamed

Verb Tense and Sentence Structure Practice

Verb Conjugation Bank

loves / saw / thought / goes / writes / has been doing / had collected / was standing / had been waiting / saw / didn't stop / were wearing / had passed / had crashed

Grammar Exercises

• If only I had made something to help you.
• I wish there were tickets for the concert.
• If only Robert's brother took his shoes with permission.
• Our school has a computer room where we can go after school.
• John is the man whose house was destroyed by the fire.
• One of my best friends, who is a lawyer, works for a very important company.
• Children were told to leave the class.
• Nobody had been waiting for me.
• Some flowers were sent by Sam to his mother on her birthday.
• The report will be checked tomorrow.
• I will have

Essential English Irregular Verbs for Spanish Speakers

This comprehensive list provides common irregular verbs in English, complete with their Spanish translations and all three forms: base form, past simple, and past participle. It's a valuable resource for Spanish speakers learning English grammar and expanding their vocabulary.

Understanding English Irregular Verb Forms

Unlike regular verbs that form their past simple and past participle by adding "-ed", irregular verbs follow unique patterns. Mastering these forms is crucial for accurate and fluent English communication. This table presents a selection of frequently used irregular verbs.

Multiple Choice Section 1

1-B: Why did Tom go to Istanbul? He went to meet his fiancée and have a holiday. 2-D: How did Tom know where to meet Angela? She wrote him a letter. 3-A: By taxi. 4-C: He was studying at the university. 5-C: For two months. 6-A.

Multiple Choice Section 2

1-C: How long was Angela planning to stay in Istanbul? Not for much longer. 2-D: Why did Kemal give Tom his telephone number? Because they got on well and he wanted to help. 3-D: At Angela’s apartment. 4-A: Because it is easier to find a big hotel. 5-B: He saw her going into a...

Multiple Choice Section 3

1-D: What did Julie tell Tom about Angela’s death? She said she thought... 2-B: What did Julie say about Angela’s boss? Just before her accident... 3-C: In the... Continue reading "The Istanbul Run Comprehension Questions and Answers" »

Aldous Huxley's Anti-Utopian Stance

Aldous Huxley's anti-utopian remarks in the late 1920s stemmed from a profound aversion to the utopian speculations he encountered by 1930. Many of these, influenced by H. G. Wells and ultimately by Francis Bacon’s New Atlantis (1627), were distinctly scientific in nature. Huxley observed that those who envisioned a utopian future ‘invoke not the god from the machine, but the machine itself. [...] Thus although in one sense Huxley’s novels and non-fiction prose prior to 1932 seemed to indicate that he would never stoop to utopian themes, in another they made Brave New World inevitable.

The Genesis of Brave New World

One of the chief reasons why Huxley wrote Brave New World was to discredit, if not discourage,... Continue reading "Aldous Huxley's Dystopian Vision: Critiquing Utopia and Society" »