Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Economy

Why Do Businesses Fail?

Businesses fail for various reasons, including:

• Creating products that customers do not want
• Running out of financial resources
• Failing to investigate their competitors

Competitive Analysis

1. Identifying Competitors

Direct Competitors: Products or services that are similar substitutes for yours and operate in the same geographic area.

Indirect Competitors: Products or services that are not the same but could satisfy the same need or solve the same problem.

2. Assessing Competitors' Strategies, Objectives, Strengths, Weaknesses, and Reaction Patterns

Benchmarking: Measuring the performance of a company's products or processes against industry leaders.

Business Analysis:

• Product line, quality, pricing, discounts

Sales Analysis:

• Sales

Steven Paul Jobs

Steven Paul Jobs (/dʒ/ɒbz/; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American business magnate, industrial designer, investor, and media proprietor. He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc., the chairman and majority shareholder of Pixar, a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar, and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT. Jobs is widely recognized as a pioneer of the personal computer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s, along with Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak.

Early Life and Career

Jobs was born in San Francisco, California, and put up for adoption. He was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area. He attended Reed College in 1972 before... Continue reading "The Legacy of Steve Jobs" »

Zero-Based Budget

Zero-based budget is a method of budgeting in which all expenses must be justified for each new period. The budget starts at a zero base, and every function within the organization is being analyzed for its needs and costs. Therefore, budgets are built based on what is needed for the upcoming period, regardless of the size of the budget.

Taxes

A compulsory contribution to state revenue. It is mandatory to pay taxes, and they are levied by the government on workers' income and business profits or added to the cost of goods, services, or transactions. Taxes raise money for government services that are later used for the well-being of society.

Fiscal Year

October through September next year. February president proposes. Budget committee... Continue reading "Understanding Budgeting, Taxes, and Statistical Concepts" »

The Innovator’s Canvas

Similar to the Business Model Canvas but with a different approach, as shown in the image above. We will focus on two key components: The Why and the Value Proposition Canvas.

The Why

Simon Sinek argues that many companies start with “how” instead of “why.” Some even lack a clear understanding of their purpose. Apple's success is attributed to starting with “why.”

“People don’t buy what you do. They buy why you do it.” - Simon Sinek

Sinek's Golden Circle framework revolves around three questions: why? (purpose), how? (process), and what? (results).

The Value Proposition Canvas

This canvas focuses on creating value for customers through products and services.

Customer Profile

• Customer Jobs: Tasks or problems

+What experience have you got?

WHAT IS MARKETING?

Marketing is about identifying and meeting human and social needs. Marketing meets needs profitably. 

Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. 

Marketing management is the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value.

Managers sometimes think of marketing as “the art of selling products,” but many people are surprised when they hear that selling is not the most important part of marketing! Selling is only the tip of the marketing iceberg. The aim of marketing... Continue reading "Why is human resource needed for low esteem organizations" »

Value and Satisfaction

The buyer chooses the offerings he or she perceives to deliver the most value, the sum of the tangible and intangible benefits and costs to her. Value is a combination of quality, service, and price (qsp), called the customer value triad. Value perceptions increase with quality and service but decrease with price. (real value - what an enterprise is offering).

Marketing is the identification, creation, communication, delivery, and monitoring in relationship to expectations. If the performance falls short of expectations, the customer is disappointed. If it matches expectations, the customer is satisfied. If it exceeds them, the customer is delighted.

Marketing Channels

To reach a target market, the marketer uses three kinds... Continue reading "Marketing: Value, Channels, and Environment" »

COMPANY ORIENTATION TOWARD THE MARKETPLACE

The production concept is one of the oldest concepts in business. It holds that consumers prefer products that are widely available and inexpensive. Managers of production-oriented businesses concentrate on achieving high production efficiency, low costs, and mass distribution. Marketers also use the production concept when they want to expand the market.

The product concept proposes that consumers favor products offering the most quality, performance, or innovative features. A new or improved product will not necessarily be successful unless it’s priced, distributed, advertised, and sold properly.

The selling concept is based on hard selling is risky. It assumes customers coaxed into buying a product... Continue reading "Understanding Marketing Concepts and Holistic Marketing Dimensions" »

Defining Competitive Territory and Boundaries in Mission Statements

• **Industry:** Companies may operate in one or multiple industries, including industrial goods, consumer goods, or services.
• **Products and Applications:** Firms define the range of products and applications they will offer.
• **Competence:** Companies identify their core competencies and leverage them.
• **Market Segment:** The type of market or customers a company targets.
• **Vertical:** The number of channel levels in which a company participates, from raw materials to distribution.
• **Geographical:** The regions, countries, or country groups in which a company operates.

Establishing Strategic Business Units (SBUs)

Companies can define themselves in terms of products or customer-satisfying... Continue reading "Defining Business Scope and Strategic Units" »