Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Economy

What is the definition of Marketing?

The management process of getting the right product to the right customer at the right price to the right place and time. It’s also essential to the success of any business. It's not only about selling or advertising, but a business philosophy about satisfying consumer needs or demands.

(Identifying Anticipating and Satisfying consumer needs profitably)!!!!!!!

Describe the relationship between marketing and: Finance

Marketing costs money, so the marketing and finance department have to work together in setting appropriate budgets.

Describe the relationship between marketing and: Human Resource Management

Marketing information can enable more effective workforce planning in the HRM department. This can influence... Continue reading "Understanding the Relationship Between Marketing and Business Functions" »

question 7

state & explain the 3 reasons 4 the downward slopping nature of ad curve

ad slopes downward people will buy more goods & services @ lower price levels,& vice versa.

real balances effect: the cash U hold is worth more when the price level falls,so U can buy more.

foreign trade effect: lower price levels in the united states convince customers 2 buy more american goods & fewer foreign goods.

interest rate effect: lower interest rates promote more borrowing & more spending.

question 8

state & explain the 2 reasons 4 the upward sloppng nature of as curve

as slopes upward;suppliers will bring more goods & services 2 market @ higher price levels,& vice versa.

profit effect: if there is no change in the cost of operating... Continue reading "Indifference curve, graph, income effect and substitution effect, a level economics" »

The Stock Exchange Market

A bond is a document issued by a government or a company borrowing money from the public, stating the existence of a debt and the amount owing to the holder who must show this document in order to obtain repayment of the loan.

Difference between bonds and stocks is that stockholders are owners of the company they’ve invested in whereas bondholders are only lenders.

Issuer is the identity who borrows an amount of money and pays the interest.

-The principal of a bond is the amount that the issuer borrows which must be repaid to the lender.

The coupon is the interest that the issuer must pay.

Maturity is the date that the issuer must pay.

Indenture is the contract that states all the terms of the bond.

A stock is a piece of... Continue reading "Understanding the Stock Exchange Market: Bonds, Stocks, and Trading" »

1.1-Defining quality: Quality=Performance(how it works)/Expectations. If Q is bigger than 1=good feeling.  The customer determines his expectations. Quality df: Group of properties and characteristics of a service or a product that has the ability to satisfy different necessities. Some dimensions of quality are reliability, durability, service, reputation... These dimensions are independent.

10: Why were demand deposits considered as money?

Answer: Since demand deposits are accepted widely as a means of payment along with currency, they are also considered as money in the modern economy.

11: What would happen if all the depositors went to ask for their money at the same time?

Bank would not be able to give money to the depositors if they all went to ask for their money all at the same time. This is because, banks keep only about 15% and would have already used the balance portion of their deposits to extend loans.

12: What were the reasons that make Swapna’s situations so risky? Discuss factors: pesticides, role of money lenders, climate.

Pest attack, exploitation by money lenders, and lack of monsoon are the reasons that make Swapna’s... Continue reading "Understanding Money, Risk, and Collateral in the Economy" »

2(a) (i) Combined market share of the four largest Grocery firms is 76%

2(a) (ii) Oligopoly is where a few large firms dominate The market

2(a) (iii) Price competition is when a firm might reduce price to gain customers from rival firms, or, to make the groceries more Affordable (e.G. BOGOF offers etc)

Non-price Competition: Firm might advertise, use loyalty cards, offer online shopping, or Offer free delivery. They would do this because for example a loyalty card will Encourage people to shop with the same company and so get points or coupons Quality, product differentiation.

2(a) (v) Bulk buying due to this they are able to Negotiate lower prices for goods

2(a) (VI) Diseconomies of scale lead to higher unit Production costs so firms may pass

Dumping And Anti-Dumping Duties

CHAPTER 1

4) To participate in a supply chain, a firm must actually handle the physical goods at some point.

7) Inputs to the transformation process are tangible, but the outputs may be tangible or intangible.

9) Of the three flows linking organizations in a supply chain, information and monetary flows always move upstream and physical flows always move downstream.

10) A second-tier supplier is downstream from a first-tier supplier in the supply chain.

13) The drive for efficiency has decreased the level of globalization in the world economy over the last twenty years.

14) E-commerce is the component of a supply chain that is the most susceptible to breakdown.

15) To avoid supply chain problems, firms must manage relationships with their downstream... Continue reading "Key Concepts in Supply Chain and Operations Management" »