Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Competitive examination

Contrasting Perspectives on International Development

William Easterly

Background

• Born in 1957; PhD in Economics from MIT.
• Professor of Economics at NYU and prominent development economist.
• Author of books critiquing traditional foreign aid approaches, such as "The White Man's Burden" and "The Elusive Quest for Growth."

Key Arguments

• Skeptical of top-down, expert-driven development strategies.
• Emphasizes the importance of local ownership, accountability, and market-based solutions.
• Argues that aid can often be ineffective and even harmful if not implemented properly.

Richard Dowden

Background

• Born in 1949; British journalist and expert on African affairs.
• Executive Director of the Royal African Society.
• Author of "Africa: Altered States, Ordinary Miracles.

A person might be ill in one respect but well or healthy in others, it means that illness and health there are not opposite, so illness is not a lack of health and being healthy does not mean a person is well in all respects (psychologically and physically). WHO defines health like a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. In the last 60 years, psychologists use the Disease Model, making miserable people less miserable. However one of the challenges of psychology nowadays is to discover how to promote health to get better people’s lives, it calls positive psychology. So the aim of this essay is to know how to promote health.

Martin Seligman proposes different techniques,... Continue reading "Promoting Health: Positive Actions and Behavior Change" »

newton’s laws of motion 1st when Net force acting on an object is zero, objects will not motion 2nd acceleration of an objects is equal to the net force acting On that object divided by the object mass 3rd when An object applies a force on the second object, the second object applies an Equal and opposite force to the first object in different object indifferent Direction.

Work: when a force is Apply on an object and it moves over a certain distance.

Friction: force that Resist motion of an object is called friction

The law of conservation of energy: it states that energy can neither be created nor Destroyed but can be transform one form to another

Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy: kinetic energy is the energy due to motion of... Continue reading "Coh3 chemical name" »

26) The approach to the Parthenon is the following:

a) non-linear

27) Name and give the height of the tallest pyramid in Gizah:

b) Cheops 410’

28) The Egyptian pyramid has the following characteristics:

b) used for worship

29) What name was given to the Roman bath at Caracalla’s warm water pool?

a) Tepidarium

30) Titus arch commemorated:

d) capture of Jerusalem

31) The Circus Maximum was:

d) all of the above ( a stadium for chariot racing, built by Julius Caesar, enriched with columns and marble) *

32) The Roman emperor Hadrian achieved in the Pantheon.. Span? How long?

c) 142 ft, 1400 years.

33) The Rosetta stone was the key of solving this.

c) Reading of Hieroglyphics

34) The Parthenon is located in what sacred site in Athens:

d) The Acropolis

35) The

Artistic style that developed in Europe and Latin America during the 17th century and part of the 18th century. Represented the magnificence of the Absolute Monarchs and the Catholic Church as well as the power of the wealthy bourgeoisie.

Grandiosity, dynamism, and drama, equilibrium, symmetry, and rationalism.

Emphasis on motion and complexity. Curved, concave, and convex shapes. Shapes were created through light and color. Realism to heighten emotions and move or surprise the viewer. Theatrical backdrops. Churches were extravagantly decorated and represented the gateway to heaven. The decoration stimulates faith and piety.

Architecture

The desire to incorporate a sense of movement. Churches and palaces. Curved cornices and split/broken pediments.... Continue reading "Baroque Art: Magnificence, Power, and Drama in Europe and Latin America" »

Chapter Five

3) Captain Nicholls' Concerns

Captain Nicholls was deeply troubled by the war. Unlike many soldiers, he did not believe the conflict would be an easy victory. However, he hoped it would end before Albert could join the army.

5) Captain Nicholls and Stewart's Conversation

On their way to the barracks, Captain Nicholls and Stewart discussed the qualities of their horses.

Chapter Six

1) The Horses' Journey to France

The journey to France was arduous for the horses. They were nervous and fearful of the future and what might befall them during the war.

3) The Guns' Impact on Joey

The sound of the guns kept Joey awake at night.

5) Cavalry Squadron Losses

A quarter of the cavalry squadron was lost that day.

Chapter Seven

2) Trooper Warren's Care for

Legal System and Social Issues

Authorities (power) / bravery / capitalism / citizen (population) / citizenship / civil servants (public)

1A. GRAMMAR

1.

1. older
2. never
3. that
4. have

2.

1. will have left
2. was playing
3. weighs

3.

1. hadn't destroyed
2. worrying
3. had sent
4. would buy

4.

1. won't be allowed into the theatre unless you've got a ticket
2. having my carpet cleaned at the moment
3. to buy a cake for the party
4. whose coat this is

VOCABULARY

1

1. boring
2. under
3. preparing
4. confident

2

1. donate
2. delay
3. depress
4. develop

3.

1. international
2. peaceful
3. responsible
4. innocent

4

1. respectful to their teachers
2. butterflies in my stomach
3. got married
4. protesters

READING

1. ABB
2. 1F2F3T4T
3. 1. deliberately
   2. architecture
   3. conquered
   4. culture
   5. popular
   6. temporary

1B GRAMMAR

1.

1. have won
2. will have to
3. will have finished
4. was being decorated

2

1. were watching
2. will have been playing
3. wouldn't have got
4. travelling

3

1. as tall as her cousin Joan
2. suggested going
3. the house where Charles Dickens was born
4. must have got very wet in the

Improvement methods:

1. Lean manufacturing is a system for maximizing product value. Six Sigma is a problem-solving methodology that uses its collection of tools to fix a specific project over a specific time period. All Six Sigma’s resources are targeted on this one project until the problem is fixed. While Lean Manufacturing encourages daily, general improvements, Six Sigma demands data-based, specific improvements for specific projects.

Six sigma:

Set of techniques and tools for process improvement. Their strategies seek to improve the quality of the output of a process by identifying and removing the causes of defects and minimizing variability in manufacturing and business processes.

The 6 Sigma method thus poses as a fundamental principle:... Continue reading "Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma: Methods for Quality Improvement" »