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Coh3 chemical name

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CHEMISTRY 

 Atom 
An atom is the smallest  stable unit of matter 

Element 
An element is a pure substance made of only one type of atom.
There are about 120 elements , so 120 different atoms exist.

In the periodic table the elements are organized in rows.
The vertical columns are called groups
The horizontal rows are called periods. 
Li, Na and k are in the same group 
N , O , F are in the same period. 
If the elements are in the same group they have the same number of electrons in the outer shell.
This elements in their same groups can have similar chemical and physical  properties. 

Some groups have specific names :

Group 1 elements : are named ALKALI 
Group 2 elements : ALKALI EARTH METALS
Group 7 elements : HALOGEN 
Group 0 elements : NOBLE
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Structure and Properties of Atoms and Molecules

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  1. Structure of an atom -  An atom is composed of protons, electrons, and neutrons. The entire mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus which is at the centre.

    1. Protons - Protons are the positively charged particles which are present in the nucleus of an atom.

    2. Neutrons - Neutrons are the particles in an atom that have a neutral charge. 

    3. Electrons - An electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle that can be either bound to an atom or free

    4. Atomic Mass (what it represents) - The atomic number refers to the number of protons in the atom's nucleus, 

    5. Atomic Number (what it represents) - The atomic mass of an element represent the average total mass of its neutrons, protons, and electrons

  2. Standard Atomic Notation

    1. How to determine how many neutrons,

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Characteristics of Life, Cell Theory, and Atomic Structure

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Three major characteristics of life

1.Energy 2.Cells 3.Information
4.Replication 5.Evolution

The cell theory

All organisms are made of cells and come from pre-existing cells

Three major domains of life

Archaea, Bacteria-Prokaryotic microorganism, single-celled whose cells have no nucleus
Eukarya

Adaptation

A trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment
Genus-Made up of a closely related group of species
Species-made up of individuals who regularly breed together

Atoms are composed of

Protons-Positive
Neutrons-Neutral
Electrons-Negative

Atomic number-atoms with the same atomic number, have the same chemical properties, belong to the same element(Is on bottom and represents the number of protons)

Mass Number-

number of protons
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Coh3 chemical name

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Ductility: Able to undergo change of form without breaking

·Malleability: capable of being shaped, as by Hammering or pressing:

·Density (give an Example): a measurement of how Tightly matter is crammed together. Example: Oil floats on vinegar because Its density is less.


  • Chemical properties of matter (give an Example): Are any of the properties Of matter that may only be observed and measured by performing a chemical change or chemical Reaction. Example: oxidation states

·What is a physical Change (give an example): A usually reversible change in the physical 

properties of a substance,as size or shape. Example: When melting an ice cube.

·Difference between Chemical properties and physical properties (give an example)

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Coh3 chemical name

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 a mixture is a physical combination of two or more subtances : heterogeneous  mixture we see the various  because  not combined  evenly and homogeneous mixture that  cannot see the subtans . .Magnetic separation is a physical method of separating mixtures, which uses the magnetic susceptibility of some of its components. To do this, he resorts to exposing the mixture to a magnet (or a sufficiently strong magnetic field) for a period of time. Decantation is a physical method used for the separation of heterogeneous mixtures, which is used to separate a solid from one or two liquids of different density. It is an important process in wastewater treatment.A chemical reaction is the change of a substance into a new one that has a different

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Chemical Bonding and Structure

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Ionic Bonding

Bonding between a non-metal and a metal where electrons are transferred from the metal to the non-metal. This results in the non-metal forming a negative ion and the metal forming a positive ion. The structure is a giant ionic lattice with strong electrostatic forces between ions. A lot of energy is needed to break these forces, resulting in high melting and boiling points. Ionic compounds conduct electricity when aqueous or molten, as the ions are free to move around. They can be represented using dot and cross diagrams.

Covalent Bonding

Bonding between two non-metals. Covalent compounds do not conduct electricity as there are no charged particles. Small molecules are liquids or gases at room temperature due to weak intermolecular... Continue reading "Chemical Bonding and Structure" »

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11 experiment

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Procedure - 
1) Observe the slides showing binary fission in amoeba under a compund microscoope.
2) first,adjust the slides under low power objective lens.If needed shift to high power objective lens.
3) Note down the observations.
Observation -
binary fission in amoeba.
1) binary fission starts with the division of nucleus.
2) The cytoplasm shows the formation of a transverse furrow after the division of nucleus.
3) This furrow deepens and divides the amoeba into tow daughter amoeba.
Inference - Both binary fission are sexual modes of reproduction.


Cuso4 : Aluminium 
Blue colur of CuSo4 disappears.The brown coloured copper at the bottom of the beaker.
copper is displaced.
Cuso4 : zinc
blue colour of copper sulphate disappears and red -brown copper particles
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The Making of the English Working Class: A Radical Perspective

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Thompson: A Marxist Historian

Thompson was a historian with a Marxist background whose interest in radical political works sets him apart from other authors we studied. He, like Hoggart, followed culturalism, a perspective that stresses human agency, or the active production of culture and not its passive consumption. His book The Making of the English Working Class really embodies the term, since in it he traces the development of the English working class between 1780 and 1832, more or less the time encompassed by the Industrial Revolution. The book can be seen as a rescue operation of the members (especially radicals) of the working class lost in a history led by the deaths of monarchs, statesmen, military leaders, and politicians. These... Continue reading "The Making of the English Working Class: A Radical Perspective" »

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Periodic Table Trends: Differences in Element Properties

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Alkali Metals

Lithium

  • Lithium is harder than other alkali metals.
  • It has higher melting and boiling points than other alkali metals.
  • It is the least reactive alkali metal.
  • It is a strong reducing agent compared to other alkali metals.
  • It is the only alkali metal that forms its monoxide.
  • It is not capable of forming solid hydrogen carbonates, unlike other alkali metals.
  • It does not react with ethyne to form ethynide, while other alkali metals do.
  • It reacts slowly with bromine compared to other alkali metals.
  • It is the only alkali metal that reacts with nitrogen to give lithium nitride (Li3N).

Alkaline Earth Metals

Beryllium

  • Beryllium is harder than other members of its group.
  • It has higher melting and boiling points than other members of its group.
  • Its electronegativity
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Common Transition Words and Phrases for Effective Writing

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ADDITION

  • and
  • Also
  • Besides
  • In addition to
  • Additonally
  • likewise
  • Moreover
  • Furthermore
  • Not only… but also
  • Not only… but… as well
  • both… and…

CONDITION

  • if
  • even if
  • only if
  • whether … or not
  • unless
  • provided (that)
  • providing
  • as long as
  • in case
  • in case of
  • in the event of
  • once

ALTERNATIVE

  • or
  • either… or…
  • neither… nor...
  • else
  • otherwise

REASON

  • As
  • Because
  • As a result of…
  • As a consequence of...
  • For
  • For this reason
  • since
  • due to...
  • owing to

COMPARATIVE

  • as
  • as… as…
  • not as… as…
  • not so… as…
  • as if
  • as though
  • likewise
  • similarly
  • ...than

CONTRAST

  • But
  • however
  • nonetheless
  • Nevertheless
  • yet
  • still
  • ...instead
  • instead of
  • despite
  • On the contrary
  • On the one hand...
  • on the other hand
  • In contrast
  • although... even though
  • though
  • whereas
  • while

EXPLANATION

  • i.e.
  • that is
  • that is to say

EXAMPLE

  • e.g.
  • for example
  • for instance
  • like
  • such
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