Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Baccalaureate

Representations of Social Groups in Media

Constructing Meaning Through Visual and Technical Codes

Representations in media involve how producers portray social groups using visual and technical codes. These codes reveal the producer's intended ideology. Stuart Hall suggests that representations are formed through the repetition and remixing of media trends. Ethnic representation, in particular, manifests diversely in media, influenced by social, cultural, and historical contexts. This essay explores how producers represent ethnic minorities in Beyoncé's 2016 music video "Formation" and the 2017 Guinness television advertisement "Compton Cowboys," highlighting the contrasting ideologies presented.

Beyoncé's "Formation": Subverting the "Black"

Contracts

Informal

Vocabulary

1.

• basement = sótano
• orden sth online = pedir algo por internet
• a can of soup = una lata de sopa
• aim = objetivo
• seize the day = aprovecha el día
• to throw litter = tirar a la basura
• health care = cuidado de la salud
• a swimming cap = un gorro de piscina
• economic growth = crecimiento económico

2.

• 1. am having (1)
• 2. don't look (2)
• 3. does she have (2)
• 4. are you looking (1)
• 5. hate (1)

3.

• outgoing = fiestero
• fleece = forro polar
• mittens = manoplas
• sensitive = sensible
• sth fits you = algo que te queda bien
• short-sighted = miope
• understanding = comprensible
• get changed = cambiarse
• bangles = pulseras

4.

• muffins C
• cabbage U
• sauce U
• leuce C
• meat U
• steak C
• jam U

6.

• watching (1)
• to go (2)
• training (1)
• playing (1)
• to sing (2)

7.

• 6-7-5-4-3-1-2
• score
• win
• lose/keep
• came/beat
• broke

8.

• 4-5-

UN Special Procedures: Guardians of Human Rights

UN Special Procedures are independent human rights experts who are appointed by the Human Rights Council to advise on human rights from either a thematic or country-specific perspective. This system is a key element in the United Nations' efforts to protect human rights globally. As Kofi Annan famously stated, UN Special Procedures are "the crown jewel of the system."

Independence and Role of Special Rapporteurs

• These experts report to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR).
• They maintain independence and impartiality, which helps them achieve their objective of better reporting on the reality of human rights in various programs.
• The experts are often referred

The Societal Impact of Music Content

Currently, one of the issues that has generated much controversy and discussion among children, adolescents, and adults, and about which society has been complaining for several years, is about (...), a subject which has caused a negative effect on society. For this reason, we must consider the following points in favor of or against this issue.

Arguments Regarding Music Content

• Point in Favor: Music as Relaxation and Therapy

  First of all, we must start with a point in favor of music: as a process of relaxation, music can be used to relax and have fun. This practice is widely known as **music therapy**.

• Point Against: Negative Song Content

  Secondly, a point against is the poor content of these songs, which currently

The Abortion Debate: Points For and Against

Abortion is a deeply sensitive issue that has generated significant controversy and discussion among children, adolescents, and adults for several years. It is a subject that has had a profound effect on society. For this reason, it is crucial to consider the following points in favor of or against this issue.

Arguments for Legalization

• Protecting Maternal Health and Safety

  One primary argument in favor of legalizing abortion, particularly in cases of rape or when the mother's life or health is at risk, is the prevention of maternal mortality. When this medical procedure is performed illegally, it often leads to unsafe practices by unqualified individuals, significantly increasing the risk of complications

Population vs. Sample

The population represents the total universe of all possible observations, whether real or theoretical, while a sample is a subset of those observations. In experimental research, it is crucial to draw a representative, random sample that is not biased.

Frequency Distribution

A frequency distribution provides a numerical representation of data, helping to create a mental picture of how linguistic phenomena perform.

Descriptive Statistics

• Mode: The most frequent mark. It is quick to identify with a frequency distribution and is applicable to categorical data.
• Median: The score in the middle of an ordered list. It divides data into halves. It does not account for the values of all scores, only those in the middle position, making

People Who Stay: My Best Friend

As years go by, many people leave, but not all, because there are many people who stay by your side year after year. These people could be friends or family. In my case, I would like to write about my best friend (BFF). Her name is D, and she is 18.

D's Profile and Personality

She was born in Me in 2001. She is tall and thin, and also a bit strong and fit because she does sports every single day. Personality-wise, she is intelligent, hard-working, nice, and friendly. However, she is a bit talkative.

Physical Appearance

Regarding her physical appearance, she has long, blonde hair. Even so, she hasn’t any freckles, and she wears glasses. She loves playing tennis and has been playing since she was 5.

Life Changes and

My Best Friend Dalia — Menorca to Madrid

As years go by, many people leave, but not all; there are many who stay by your side year after year. These people could be friends or family. In my case, I would like to write about my best friend. Her name is Dalia. Her name is Dalia, and she is 17. She was born in Menorca in 2001. She is tall and thin, and also somewhat strong and fit because she does sport every single day. In terms of personality, she is intelligent, hard-working, kind, and friendly. However, she is a bit talkative. Regarding her physical appearance, she has long blonde hair. Even so, she doesn't have any freckles; she wears glasses.

Sports and Moving to Madrid

She loves playing tennis and has been playing since she was 5. A couple... Continue reading "Dalia — Best Friend from Menorca to Madrid, Tennis & Friendship" »

Zoos: Conservation vs. Animal Welfare

Historically, zoos have evolved significantly. While past practices included exhibiting humans, modern zoos focus solely on wild animals, particularly those endangered. But is this modern approach truly beneficial?

Arguments exist both for and against the concept of zoos:

• Against: Critics argue that keeping animals in captivity, often in limited spaces, is inherently cruel and unnatural.
• For: Proponents highlight that zoos protect many exotic and endangered species from threats like poaching. They also offer the public a chance to see these animals, fostering appreciation and support for conservation efforts. Without zoos, seeing many species alive might be impossible for most people.

In my opinion, contemporary... Continue reading "Reflections on Zoos, Security, and Skiing" »