Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Baccalaureate

ALOS: Average Length of Stay

Total occupied room nights/total bookings

Attrition

Difference between the number of rooms reserved compared to the number of rooms used

Booking Curve

An important tool for yielding that provides a visual representation of the pickup, number of bookings, availability, and yielding capacity of the hotel over time

Pick Up

No. of reservations between today & day of arrival

Contract

>30 nights + large volume

Group

>10 rooms, contract, deposit

• Corporate: Negotiated rate for a block with a specific company
• Association/Convention: Negotiated rate for a block with trade, professional, philanthropic association
• Government: Negotiated rate for a block with a qualifying government agency

Transient

Ind & groups

• Retail: Market

Core Legal and Ethical Principles

• Standard of Due Care: The expected level of diligence and care in a specific situation.
• Cohort: A group sharing a common characteristic, often used in studies.
• Legal Hybrid Theory: A blend of different legal principles or theories.
• Conflict of Interest: A situation where personal interests clash with professional duties.
• Broad View of Corporate Responsibility: Corporations have wider societal responsibilities.
• Pros & Cons of Protections: Advantages and disadvantages of legal and ethical protections.
• Paternalism: Governing individuals by limiting their autonomy for their perceived benefit.
• Corporate Personhood: Legal notion granting corporations certain individual rights.
• The Pacing Problem: Technology advances faster

A Composite Map of Social Class in the U.S.

The upper class
Wealthiest Americans earning more than $180,800 a year, owning large suburban homes, driving new luxury cars. Wealth comes from investment income (usually). About 5% of all American households.
The upper middle class
Well-off professionals, such as doctors, lawyers, professors, with incomes ranging from about $100,000 to about $180,000 or so. About 15% of all American households.
Lower Middle Class
Skilled services, office workers, skilled craftsmen, with household incomes from about $38,000 to about $100,000. About 40% of American households.
Working Class
Factory workers, mechanics, office workers, etc. About 20% of American households. Income from about $20,000 to $38,000.
The lower class
People... Continue reading "Social Class in the U.S.: Inequality, Mobility, and Gender" »

WEEK 1: Software that Manages Computer Hardware

Operating System as an Abstract Machine, Service Provider, and Resource Manager. OS Objectives: Convenience, Efficiency, and Ability to Evolve.

Performance Indices

Arrival Time, Service Time, Turnaround Time, Normalized Turnaround Time. First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) Scheduling Policy.

Microprocessor and DMA Activity

Impact of Microprocessor Bus Configuration and DMA Activity on System Speed.

Memory System and Cache

Cache and Main Memory Access Time, Average Access Time Calculation.

iOS and Android

Similarities and Differences between iOS and Android.

Job Execution and CPU Utilization

CPU Utilization for Uniprogramming and Multiprogramming.

Direct Memory Access (DMA)

Coordination, Memory Operations Completion,... Continue reading "Understanding Operating Systems: Functions, Performance, and Multithreading" »

Chapter 0: Constitutional and Regulatory Law

Constitutional Law: Lawmaking by the People

Constitutional law involves the interpretation and application of the U.S. Constitution and state constitutions.

Statutory Law: Legislative Enactments

Statutory law is created by legislators and enacted by parliament.

The US Legislative Process

1. An idea is presented to a Congress member.
2. A detailed draft is created as a bill.
3. The bill is presented to the Senate or the House.
4. Both chambers must reach an agreement.
5. The approved bill is sent to the President.
6. Once signed, it becomes an Act, legislative statute, or law.

Key Legal Concepts

• Facts of the case: The specific details of a legal matter.
• Point of law: The legal principle or precedent being applied.
• Appeal: The process

Variables en la Investigación Científica

La variable independiente es la que se modifica intencionalmente (la cantidad de agua), la variable dependiente es la que se observa y mide como respuesta a la variable independiente (tiempo que tarda en crecer), y las variables de control se mantienen constantes (luz, temperatura) para garantizar que los resultados sean confiables y precisos.

Microscope Slide Preparation Steps

1. Place a drop of water or mounting medium on a clean microscope slide.
2. Add your specimen to the drop.
3. Carefully lower a coverslip onto the specimen, avoiding air bubbles.
4. Seal the edges and label the slide.
5. Observe the specimen under a microscope.
6. Clean up.

Common Bacterial Shapes and Classifications

Bacteria can have various shapes, including:... Continue reading "Cell Biology Fundamentals and Laboratory Procedures" »

Computer Network and Its Types

A network refers to a collection of interconnected nodes or entities that can communicate and share information with each other. These nodes can be computers, devices, or even people. Networks are used to facilitate the exchange of data, resources, or services among the connected entities.

Types of Networks

There are several types of networks, including:

• Local Area Network (LAN): LANs are typically limited to a small geographic area, such as a home, office, or campus. They are used for connecting devices within a relatively close proximity, often using Ethernet cables or Wi-Fi.
• Wide Area Network (WAN): WANs cover larger geographical areas and connect LANs over long distances. The internet is the most extensive example

PL/SQL

PL/SQL is a procedural language designed specifically to embrace SQL statements within its syntax. PL/SQL program units are compiled by the Oracle Database server and stored inside the database. And at run-time, both PL/SQL and SQL run within the same server process, bringing optimal efficiency. PL/SQL includes procedural language elements like conditions and loops. It allows declaration of constants and variables, procedures and functions, types and variable of those types and triggers. It can support Array and handle exceptions (runtime errors).

Differences between SQL and PL/SQL

• SQL is a single query that is used to perform DML and DDL operations.
• PL/SQL is a block of codes that used to write the entire program blocks/ procedure/ function,

Appreciation of the Poem ‘The Cherry Tree’

Poem, Poet, and Title

The poem ‘Cherry Tree’ is composed by the well-known Indian English poet Ruskin Bond. The title clearly indicates that the poem pertains to a cherry tree.

The poet had a desire to plant and nurture his own tree. Despite many threats and obstacles, the tree grew into a full-blossomed tree after a wait of eight years. The poet emphasizes the strong inner instinct of the cherry tree to survive and grow on its own.

Important Themes in the Poem

‘The Cherry Tree’ deals with the themes of struggle, resilience, and persistence against all adversities. It serves as a symbol of survival. The poem clearly emphasizes the importance of these qualities in human life. The bond between... Continue reading "Ruskin Bond's 'The Cherry Tree': Analysis and Themes" »

What is Arbitration?

Arbitration is a legal process used to resolve disputes between parties outside of the traditional court system. It is a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in which the parties involved in a dispute agree to have a neutral third party, known as an arbitrator or arbitral tribunal, make a binding decision to settle their dispute. Arbitration is often chosen as an alternative to litigation for various reasons, including its potential for faster resolution, greater privacy, and lower costs compared to going to court.

Key Elements of Arbitration:

1. Voluntary Agreement: Arbitration is typically based on the voluntary agreement of the parties involved. They may choose to arbitrate a dispute either before or after a dispute