Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Baccalaureate

Applicant (solicitante): A person who applies or requests something; a candidate. Application form (solicitud de): A document to be filled out by an applicant.

Apply for a job (solicitar un trabajo): apply for a position; reply to employment advertisement. Be in charge of (estar a cargo de): having control of (sth); be responsible for.

Be responsible for (ser responsable de). Bonus (sobre sueldo): extra pay. Boss (jefa): manager. Casual job (trabajo temporal): temporary job. Day shift (turno de día): daytime work period.

Dismiss (despedir): sack; fire an employee. Dismissal (despido): the act of being fired from a job. Duties (deberes): job functions / tasks. Earn one's living (ganarse la vida): to earn the money needed for food, clothing, etc.... Continue reading "Employment Terminology and Definitions" »

Equity and Shares Fundamentals

Venture Capital and Initial Public Offerings (IPOs)

Key Formulas and Metrics

• Venture Capital (VC) Calculation: VC = X / V
• Operating Income (OI): OI = s * [1 - percentage of VC²]
• Payoff Monitoring: (Percentage × Cash Flow if Monitor) - Cost of Monitoring
• Cost of Underpricing: Shares Issued × (True Stock Value Pre-IPO - Actual IPO Price)
• Valuation Scenarios:
  • UT + I if P < Value of the Firm
  • UT if P > Value of the Firm
• Value of Right: True Value of Stock - Strike Price

Earnings Per Share (EPS) Calculations

Rights Issues and Adjustment Factors

• Theoretical Ex-Rights Price (Pₓ): Pₓ = ((P₀ × N₀) + Pᵣ) / (N₀ + 1)
  (Note: Pᵣ is not included in Bonus Issues)
• Adjustment Factor: Pₓ / P₀

Corporate Payout Policy

Dividend

Communication Idioms and Phrases

• Chinese whispers (el joc del telèfon): Misinformation spread through retelling.
• Get hold of: Localitzar (To locate or contact someone).
• Get/give the low-down: Donar tots els detalls (To give or receive detailed information).
• Hear through the grapevine: Sentir de forma informal (To hear news unofficially).
• Hit the airwaves: Fer públic (To broadcast on radio or TV).
• Megaphone diplomacy: Amenaçar públicament, no directament (Public threats instead of direct negotiation).
• Out of touch: Estar desconnectat d’algú (Not knowing recent developments).
• Put someone in the picture: Posar al dia algú sobre un tema (To inform someone).
• Spread like wildfire: Estendre’s com la pólvora (To spread very quickly).
• Stool pigeon:

Teen Room Essentials

Furniture

• Chest of drawers: A piece of furniture with drawers in which you keep things such as clothes.
• Cushion: A bag made of cloth, plastic, or leather that is filled with soft material, often has an attractive cover, and is used especially on chairs for sitting or leaning on.
• Duvet: A quilt, often with a removable cover; comforter.
• Wardrobe: A tall cupboard in which you hang your clothes.

Room Atmosphere

• Dimly-lit: Describing the way a room is lit when there's only a small amount of light.
• Restful: Used to describe something that produces a feeling of being calm and relaxed.

Social Dynamics

• Alter: To change, or to make someone or something change.
• Compromise: The act of agreeing to something that is not exactly what you want in

App Ch y Pro What: obstacle obstruct ; a proc turn is not ; when GS incre rate of descent must incre ; TO mini are not stand ; 700ft or more to the base ; the pilot… request contact ; a recommended electronic GS ; 1,000ft within a 25NM radius When: when established on a segm ; project a false signal ; 30 sec intervals at 1350Hz ; the landing minimums published ; A straight… MAY be ; on tower freq ; automatically when atc instructs ; ATC will assign a contact ; as soon as possible ; when established on a segment of a publish Which: LOC minimums ; if departing to the high side ; parallel ILS approaches provide ; none ; a compass locator ; any fix that is defined by letters ; STAR are established to simplify ; safe obstruction clearance... Continue reading "An aircraft making a radar approach should be directed to execute a missed approach if no clearance to land has been received from the non-radar controller by the time the aircraft reaches a distance of" »

First Day at School: A Child's Perspective

This section describes the first day of school for a small, three-year-old boy. He experiences feelings of fear, loneliness, confusion, and feeling tiny. As a young child, he perceives other children as very big and observes them playing aggressive games, often excluding him.

He misunderstands the concept of a 'teacher,' believing she is 'the girl who serves tea' (tea-cher). Initially, he believes school fences are there to keep out monsters or wolves. However, he later reflects on whether their true purpose is to keep the children away from school.

Key Vocabulary from "First Day at School"

• Be/feel at home: sentir-se com a casa (to feel at home)
• Rough: aspre, agressiu (harsh, aggressive)
• Swallow up: amenaça

Good morning, dear members of the Parliament,

Thank you all for being here for today’s important discussion and for continuing to demonstrate your commitment to this issue. I am here mainly to discuss the importance of responding to the specific needs of women. We have stressed the importance of not only meeting these needs but also ensuring that we’re grounding our support and interventions in strategies that empower us, with the sole objective of creating a just and equal society.

Do you know what you would do if you could not vote or get a good education? Would you be upset, furious, frustrated, or annoyed? That is how most women feel when they think about this. Women have been trying to claim their rights while men enjoy many privileges... Continue reading "Empowering Women: The Fight for Equality and Rights" »

English Grammar Exercises

voca: ej1: 1. browsing 2. delivered. 3. exchanged 4. afford. EJ2c1. spreeing. 2.belt.3bugged.4.mouth EJ3. 1.recycled. 2.pollutant 3. incinerator. 4.compost EJ4: 1. manufactures 2. changing room. 3. by credit card. 4. till we drop. REA: 1.D 2.A 3.B EJ 2: 1. secure, 2. long-term. 5. plant-pots 6. sweat. GR EJ 1: 1.was arrested 2. was stolen 3.are checked 4. is lock EJ 2: be bought 2. were sold 3. he given 4. has been abandoned. EJ 3: 1. Mary has / gets her hair washed 2.Jonathan is having / getting a cake made. 3. you will hace your car stolen if yo leave it unlocked 4. i enjoy having/getting my gifts wrapped. EJ 4: 1 has your computer ever been accessed by a hacker? 2. I had my password stolen 3. Should i have /get my... Continue reading "English Grammar Exercises and Vocabulary" »

Enhance your understanding of common English words and phrases with this comprehensive list of terms and their clear definitions. Perfect for language learners and anyone looking to improve their vocabulary.

Plaster

A hard, white substance that protects broken bones.

Survey

A study.

Abroad

In a foreign country.

Actually

In fact.

Advertisements

Commercials.

Argue

Angrily telling someone you disagree.

Bargain

Something whose cost is significantly lower than its value.

Bargain Hunter

A person who looks for special offers to buy.

Be Aware Of

To know about something.

Blood Pressure

The pressure with which blood flows around the body.

Breaking News

The most recent news.

Broadcast

To send out a program on television or radio.

Broadsheet

Serious newspapers.

Browse

To look for

Macroeconomics: Understanding the Big Picture

Macroeconomics can be defined as that branch of economic analysis which studies the behavior of not one particular unit, but of all the units combined together. Like the study of a forest, it studies economic phenomena from the perspective of the entire economy or a particular sector of the economy.

Microeconomics: Focus on Individual Entities

Microeconomics, like the study of a tree, studies economic phenomena from the perspective of individual entities.

Economic Growth: Driving National Prosperity

Economic growth is the increase in the goods and services produced by an economy, typically a nation, over a long period of time. It enables wage and income earners, producers, and even macroeconomic planners... Continue reading "Essential Economic Concepts: Macro and Micro Foundations" »