Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Baccalaureate

Tema 15. L'assaig: Joan Fuster

Joan Fuster fou historiador de la cultura, crític literari i poeta, però sobretot assagista: el més important i modern de la literatura del segle XX. Als anys cinquanta, el gènere assagístic es va veure afectat per causes externes —entre d'altres, la censura, la repressió franquista i la manca d'una tradició operativa—, de manera que les poques aportacions rellevants es van produir a l'exili. Als anys seixanta, amb la suavització de la censura, la situació canvià, i és ací on apareix Fuster.

Eixos temàtics de l'obra fusteriana

• L'actualitat artística i creadora: reflexions sobre la cultura en general, reflectides en obres com El descrèdit de la realitat i diversos estudis literaris dedicats a Salvador

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Conceptos de Sociolingüística

1. Diferenza entre lingua minoritaria e minorizada

Linguas minoritarias: son as que, independentemente da consideración social que teñan, posúen comparativamente un pequeno número de falantes (exemplo: o maltés ou o italiano en Suíza).

Linguas minorizadas: son aquelas cuxa presenza social (por exemplo, nos medios de comunicación) é menor da porcentaxe que lles correspondería polo seu número de falantes (exemplo: o galego ou o maltés, pero non o italiano en Suíza).

2. Linguas hexemónicas

Linguas hexemónicas: son as que gozan dun gran prestixio social, determinado pola existencia dun poder político-económico que as potencia.

Linguas e Dialectos da Península Ibérica

3. Principais dialectos peninsulares

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Educación y vida escolar

• Pay attention: Prestar atención
• Learning by heart: Aprender de memoria
• Dropping out: Dejar (los estudios)
• Compulsory: Obligatorio
• Challenge: Reto
• Revise: Repasar
• Confusing: Confuso
• Skip classes: Saltarse las clases
• Behaviour: Comportamiento
• Assignments: Tarea
• Demanding: Demandado / Exigente
• Extra-curricular activities: Extraescolares
• Obey: Obedecer
• Punished: Castigado
• Cheating: Copiar / Hacer trampas
• Bullying: Acoso
• Disruptions: Interrupciones
• Banned: Prohibido

Verbos, adjetivos y conceptos generales

• Enforce: Cumplir / Hacer cumplir
• Poverty: Pobreza
• Turned ward: Girarse
• Achieve: Lograr
• Rolled his eyes: Girar los ojos / Poner los ojos en blanco
• Acquire: Ganar / Adquirir
• Emphasised: Dar importancia / Enfatizar
• Lively: Activo / Vivo
• Tough: Duro
• Wealthy:

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Não Incidência do Imposto de Importação

Art. 71. O imposto não incide sobre:

• I - mercadoria estrangeira que, corretamente descrita nos documentos de transporte, chegar ao País por erro inequívoco ou comprovado de expedição, e que for redestinada ou devolvida para o exterior;
• II - mercadoria estrangeira idêntica, em igual quantidade e valor, e que se destine a reposição de outra anteriormente importada que se tenha revelado, após o desembaraço aduaneiro, defeituosa ou imprestável para o fim a que se destinava, desde que observada a regulamentação editada pelo Ministério da Fazenda;
• III - mercadoria estrangeira que tenha sido objeto da pena de perdimento, exceto na hipótese em que não seja localizada, tenha sido consumida ou revendida;

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Newspaper article: opinion: "editorial.-articulo-d fondo. news columna.estructura d: s consisting of: holder, lead and body entering or d the holder may be accompanied noticia.el d antetitulo and subtitle, and should get the conative function by concision and wit, when the news is long, there may be intermediate holders, the entry is a brief summary d the news, highlighting in bold or cursiva.El body is the development d the intro (7 W), inverted pyramid-shaped d-ordered according to importance q gives the journalist, journalistic semiotica dl TXT: siguients ls to be considered: a) page. The + important is the 1st, and is second in importance the last, then they always + importance of the pares.Asi q odd pages, a notice placed in 1st pag, will...

Brad Pitt was born in 1963 in Oklahoma and raised in Springfield, Missouri. His mother's name is Jane Etta Hillhouse. His father, William (Bill) Pitt, worked in management at a trucking firm in Springfield. He has a younger brother, Douglas (Doug) Pitt and a younger sister Julie Neal Pitt. At Kickapoo High School, Pitt was involved in sports, debating, student government and school musicals. Pitt attended the University of Missouri, where he majored in journalism with a focus on advertising. He occasionally acted in fraternity shows. He left college two credits short of graduating to move to California. Before he became successful at acting, Pitt supported himself by driving strippers in limos, moving refrigerators and dressing as a giant chicken...

Comparison: Both authors are considered as the philosophers of suspicion. Despite the great differences between them, the philosophies of Marx and Nietzsche show the shortcomings of the founding notion of subject, which had been the starting point on which modern philosophy had developed. Both have noted how the basis of the notion of conscience is hidden: key social, economic and ideological (Marx), a morality received and spawned from a grudge against life (Nietzsche). The notion loses its regulator. Marx is a materialist view, influenced by Hegel's dialectic: everything is matter. Its design is "historical materialism": the political and social changes occur from changes occurring in the material basis of society, modes of production. For

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Mamíferos: Las hembras tienen mamas que producen leche para alimentar a las crías, el cuerpo está cubierto por pelos. La función principal es proteger del frio al animal.
Pelaje: raíz dentro del funículo piloso .Los pelos nuevos sacan los pelos viejos. La glándula sebácea lo hace más flexible el pelo. Lana (largo y fino), cerda (áspero y grueso), vello (suave y corto) y púa (largo y puntiagudo)
La temperatura: Es constante. Si sube o baja la temperatura siempre se mantiene constante.
Hibernación: desciende -10 Cº / Duerme no come y se esconde.
Invernación: baja la temperatura pero un duerme profundamente, come y hace algunas actividades.
La fecundación interna se produce en el ovulo con el esperma.
Sistema digestivo: Boca -faringe-

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Chapter 1
1. Why was...The Fertilising Room was an important place
because humans were mass-produced there.
Mass-production was society’s most important
tool.
2. How did...The Bokanovsky process created groups of
identical men and women. Everyone had the
same attitude so there was no conflict.
3. What happened...Thirty per cent of the female embryos
developed normally. The others were given a
male sex hormone. This made them sterile and
they wouldn’t produce eggs.
4. According to...According to the Director, the secret of
happiness was to make people like who they
were and what society made them do.

Chapter 2
1.What happened... The babies moved away in horror.
2. Why were...Delta babies were conditioned to hate books as
they might read something which could...

Chapter 1 Pascual Duarte was born in a village in the province of Badajoz, about two miles from Almendralejo. 55 years-This town was very hot and sunny. Their houses were almost all white. There were houses richer and poorer ones. The Don Jesus was two floors and very nice, always full of flowers. Pascual was the narrow one-story, as befitted his position. He had a very nice light, heat in winter was overnight. On the walls were photographs, calendars ... and the kitchen was a China cabinet with crockery. He had a room and two bedrooms. Beside the house was a block, which had a donkey. Behind it was a pen, and behind it, a channel which would catch eels. When Pascal came to hunt (as I was) sitting on a large rock that was at a crossroads.

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