Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Arts and Humanities

Textual Genres

Textual genres encompass various forms of communication, each characterized by distinct features and purposes. These include:

• Description
• Narration
• Explanation
• Reasoning
• Prediction
• Instruction
• Rhetorical talk and text

Informal Record

Colloquial

• Theme: General
• Channel: Oral
• Intentionality: Subjective
• Degree of formality: Low

Formal Records

Standard

• Topic: General
• Channel: Written / Oral
• Intentionality: Objective
• Degree of formality: Medium

Scientific and Technical

• Focus: Specialized
• Channel: Written or oral
• Intentionality: Objective
• Degree of formality: High

Literary

• Topic: General
• Channel: Written
• Intentionality: Subjective
• Degree of formality: High

Literary Analysis of Broken Mirror

Broken Mirror is a novel divided into three parts, narrating the beginning... Continue reading "Textual Genres and Literary Symbolism in Broken Mirror" »

English Affixes

Suffixes

Noun Suffixes (added to nouns)

• -eer: profiteer, lanceer
• -er: teenager
• -ess: hostess, priestess
• -ette: cigarette, kitchenette
• -let: booklet
• -ian: politician, technician
• -ion: companion
• -ist: pianist, guitarist, violinist
• -age: wastage, mileage
• -dom: kingdom
• -ery: slavery
• -hood: adulthood, neighborhood
• -ism: criticism, terrorism
• -ship: friendship, sportsmanship, leadership

Noun Suffixes (added to verbs)

• -ant: assistant, consultant, informant
• -ee: employee, trainee
• -ent: respondent, dependent
• -er: singer, painter, dancer, printer, computer
• -or: conqueror, visitor
• -age: linkage, carriage
• -al: dismissal, survival, proposal
• -ance: attendance, performance
• -ion: protection, conversation, decision
• -ence: existence, persistence, preference
• -ing: building,

Journalism: Definition and Key Concepts

Journalism is the collection and treatment of written, oral, visual, or graphic information in all its forms and varieties. A journalist is a person professionally engaged in a newspaper, an audiovisual medium, a literary work, graphic information, or creating opinion.

Classification of Journalistic Genres

News Genres

In news genres, the journalist tries to express information of general interest or specific to any group of people in an impersonal way, adjusted to reality. The most used forms are the story, the chronicle, and the report.

The News

The news is the main informative subgenre. It is characterized by a complete yet brief presentation of a current fact of interest, carried out with objectivity. The... Continue reading "Journalistic Genres: News, Features, Editorials, and Interviews" »

Baroque Sculpture: Main Characteristics

• Triumph of Realism: The goal was a specific and individualized realism, without sacrificing formal correctness. Depending on trends, it could be natural realism or a more idealized, heroic realism.
• Theatrical and Bombastic Language: Dynamic and expressive, aiming to impress, move, or persuade through emotions and feelings:
  • Interest in expressing feelings and passions in a heightened, theatrical, and dramatic way.
  • Figures in attitudes of great dynamism, projected outward, describing unstable positions.
  • Diagonal compositions prevail. Robes swell and wave.
• Pictorial Conception: Interest in visual values, chiaroscuro effects, pretense of qualities, and merging the figure with the environment through light and the

Understanding Newspaper Articles

Newspaper articles are primarily intended to report on events and issues of interest to the public.

Key Features

Newspaper articles include heterogeneous information, entertainment, and opinion sections.

The medium (newspapers, magazines, radio, and television) shapes the message.

They combine verbal, photographic, and graphic codes.

The language used in newspaper articles serves several functions:

• Representative: Covering current topics.
• Appellate: Presenting opinions.
• Poetic: Using resources to capture the reader's attention.

Language Resources

Morphosyntactic Level

• Correct use of the imperfect subjunctive.
• Use of the past perfect indicative.
• Abundance of verbal phrases.
• Use of longer words.
• Direct quotations.
• Frequent use

Caravaggio: Master of Naturalist Realism

Caravaggio represented the most determined opposition to Mannerism through a style rooted in naturalist realism.

Iconographic Revolution: Triumph of Naturalism

• Caravaggio adopted visible reality as his sole model, depicting it without idealization. His human types were often vulgar, popular models drawn from real life.
• Actions and scenes in his paintings were depicted as daily events, often with a demystifying and irreverent tone.
• Severe and unembellished naturalism applied to all subjects: religious, mythological, folkloric, and still life.
• Perfect rendering of qualities and textures.
• His compositions were simple and sober, predominantly asymmetrical and diagonal. Figures were arranged in dynamic attitudes

Popular Poetry: Traditional Narrative - The Old Ballads

The romances are short, lyrical, epic compositions arising from the fragmentation of the ancient epics. These romances, whose first manifestations date back to the late fourteenth century, were transmitted orally during the fifteenth century. Throughout the sixteenth century and the first half of the seventeenth century, authors collected and cultured the Songbooks and included them in Romanceros.

In response to the issues addressed, they can be classified into:

• Historic-nationals: They come from the old Castilian epics and exalt their heroes.
• Romantic and lyrical: Created by popular imagination.
• Border and Moors: They tell military episodes that take place on the border between Moorish and

Conjunctions and Conjunctive Phrases:

• Cause: because, since, as.
• Consecutive: therefore, so, thus.
• Conditional: if, on condition that, provided that, in case, only if, while.
• Final: so that, in order that.
• Concessive: although, though, even though, despite, unless.

Theatrical Structure

Theater acts are complete fragments or parts. These are divided into scenes. A character's entrance or exit marks the beginning or end of a scene. Scenes intercross to form a cohesive whole.

Theatrical Text

The theatrical text has two levels:

Text-Negotiated

• Dialogues: Conversations between characters that advance the action.
• Monologues: A character's speech to themselves, revealing intentions and feelings.
• Soliloquy: A monologue with questions the character answers themselves.

Knot Story

Levels of Identification

1st Level: Character psychology.

2nd Level: Situation sociology. Example: A man faces impending death, known to all but him, amidst an ideal week.

Script Argument and Conflict

The unifying script argument is the core conflict driving the narrative. This conflict arises from the interplay between intentions and internal/external resistance, reflecting everyday life struggles.

Chronological Development

An overview of the full script treatment involves four stages:

1. Exposition
2. Conflict Joint
3. Conflict Termination
4. Outcome

Script Development Process

Idea

Ideas can emerge from various sources, from a story germ to a documentary concept. Explore all development possibilities and record them for later review.

Synopsis

A concise promotional... Continue reading "Narrative and Script Development" »

Workplace Hygiene & Sanitation

Article 12: Basic hygiene and grooming needs.

Article 13-14: Systems and potable water supply.

Water Supply & Facilities

Toilets, Sinks, and Showers

Articles 21 to 26: Every workplace must have toilets and sinks appropriate to the number of workers, and showers if the work situation requires. For temporary tasks, toilets may be replaced with sanitary latrines or chemical toilets. An employer is responsible for maintaining the proper operation and cleaning of these facilities. Wastewater must be discharged into the public sewer system or treated through a private system or plant.

Cloakrooms & Dining Facilities

Paragraph V. Cloakroom and dining mentioned in Article 27:

Dressing Room Requirements

Article 27 states... Continue reading "Workplace Safety, Hygiene, and Fire Prevention Standards" »