Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Social sciences

Invention of writing: writing appeared in Mesopotamia over 5.000 years ago This invention marks the end of the Prehistory and the beginnig of the History. Writing was a way of storing information (trade, population…)
Settleemnt near large rivers: the first civilizations developed along large rivers sourronded by fertile lands: Mesopotamia (Tigris and Euphrates), Egypt (Nyle), India (Indus) and China (Yelow and Blue)
The king: the king was the most powerful person; he made laws, led the army and had religious functions.
Civil servants: people that served the kings
The armies: there were large armies created by the kings to protect lands.
Hierarchical society: the society was divided into clearly differential groups: privileged people, that owned most of the land and wealth (aristrocracy, priests and scribes) and the non privileged people, that was much poorer (peasants, craftsmen, merchants, servants, slaves…).

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**who=que(persona)...which=que(animal y cosa)...where=donde(lugares)....when=cuando(tiempo)....whose=cuyo/a/os/as...that=puede sustituir a who y which en las k no va entre comas..QQQ (DEFINING).....1-ana said (that) she had seen an avanlanche the previous winter....2-tom said that he had help friends of the earth the summer before....3-maggie said that she had worked ralrigh international two months earlier....4-harry said that he would be leaving college in a flw weeks later....5-jane said that she was taking her driving test the following monday-------1she said that she would never buy a big off road car...2-he said that he wouldn´t sell his bike and buy a car...3-she said that she could see venus...4-dan said that katie could´t speak spanish....5-sara said that we all had to look after our planet...6 toby said that everyone had to recycle their rubbish............1-the man who/that lives next door is very friendly...2-where are the eggs which/that were in the fridge?..3-the girl wh ... (Continue)

RELIGION IN MESOPOTAMIA: Mesopotamians were polytheistic: They believed in many gods. Their gods were similar to human beings, and had the same passions. However, they were inmortal. Temples were the gods residences on Earth. Some were built on stepped pyramids called ziggurats. THE FIRST SCHOOLS: The first schools were in Mesopotamia. Originally, they specialised in taining scribes. Later, scholars, scientists and theologians attented schools. Only male children from rich families went to school. There was no education for girls. MESOPOTAMIAN ART: In Mesopotamia, both architecture and sculpture were exceptional. Architecture: Mesopotamians built magnificent palaces such as Khorsabad, and monumental gates, such as Isthar Gate. They invented the arch and the vault. Brick and adobe were used for construction. Sculpture: They made stones statues of kings, gods, animals and bulls with human heads. Reliefs showed and religious scenes. THE PHARAOHS: The origins of Ancient Egypt date back to a ... (Continue)

Health: absence of illness. State of well-being of the body, when it's healthy carries out all its functions correctly. It's also mental and social. Healthy habits: help us to stay healthy and prevent illnesses. One of the most important is a healthy diet. It's important to follow healthy behavioural patterns like raeding and writing in good light, and not consuming tobacco. Illnesses: abnormal process which alters, modifies or prevents the activity of part of our bodyor the complete organism. can be: Infectious (due to the action of micro-organisms, ex: flu), Congenital (exist at birth), Hereditary (from parents to their offspring, ex: colour- blindness), Deficit (absence of vitamins, minerals or important substance, ex: scurvy) Chronic (prolonged in the time and have no possible cure, only can be alleviated by medical treatment, ex: chronic bronchitis).

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and wealth, and had important posts in public institutions. The majority of the population was much poorer. - There were large_scale building works. The kings built palaces, temples, tombs and canals. MESOPOTAMIAN CIVILIZATION: Mesopotamia means between rivers and was the territory between de rivers tigris and euphrates. Mesopotamian civilization was the first to use writing 5000 years ago. Mesopotamian was a very dry area. However, irrigation canals allowed agriculture to develop. Its geographical situation made this a key region for trade between Asia Minor, the Mediterranean area and Syria. Cuneiform writing was essential. It consisted of signs drawn on clay tablets with a reed. It is called cuneiform because the patterns look as if they were made by a wedge. Writing made it possible to organize the state, for example, by recording how much grain there was. Writing was also used to record stories of important divinities of heroes. This was the beggi

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UNIDAD 11
TEXTO ARGUMENTATIVO
Argumentación
El texto argumentativo tiene como objetivo expresar opiniones o rebatirlas con el fin de persuadir a un receptor. El objetivo de la argumentación es conseguir que el receptor se sitúe a favor o en contra de una determinada opción e incluso que actúe. Además de la función referencial, que domina en la parte en que se expone la idea base, en el texto argumentativo aparece la función apelativa, característica en el desarrollo de los argumentos. La argumentación se da en temas que se prestan a discusión o bien que pueden contemplarse desde diversos puntos de vista, en general, aparece en muchos y muy variados textos.
Estructura
La selección de la información depende del asunto de que se trata- del que hay que tener un buen conocimiento- y de la situación. En el texto argumentativo, se suele organizar el contenido en tres apartados: introducción, desarrollo- donde aparecen los argumentos- y conclusión:
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AVG() - Média
COUNT() - Contar os numeros
FIRST() - Primeiro Valor
LAST() - Ultimo Valor
MAX() - Maximo
MIN() - Minimo
SUM() - Soma
UCASE() - Para Maiusculas
LCASE() - Para minusculas
MID() - Extrai do texto
LEN() - Comprimento Texto
ROUND() - Arredondar decima
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TRANSMISSION OF MOTION: a) GEAR: A gear is a component within a transmission device that transmits rotational force to another gear or device. A gear is different from a pulley in that a gear is a round wheel which has linkages that mesh with other gear teeth, allowing force to be fully transferred without slippage. Depending on their construction and arrangement, geared devices can transmit forces at different speeds, torques, or in a different direction, from the power source. Gears are very useful simple machine. The most common situation is for a gear to mesh with another gear, but a gear can mesh with any device having compatible teeth, such as other rotational gears, or linear moving racks. A gear´s most important feature is that gears of unequal sizes can be combined to produce a mechanical advantage, so that the rotational speed and torque of the second gear are different from that of the first.

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Polis-city states of Greece,each of them had its own government, laws and army,but its had common language religion and culture Archaic Age-from the 9^th to 5^th century BC.It was the period when the polis were created and the expansion throught the mediterranean Classical Age-from 5^th to 4^thcentury BC.Athens and Sparta had a civil war Hellenistic Age-from 338BC to 1^st century BC.Philip II conquered the whole of Greece and his son Alexander extended the empire to the east and when he died his generals divided the empire into several kingdoms
Athens was the principal Greek polis in the 5^th ... (Continue)