The modern subject is the subject of the sciences.

Grammar

first conditional and future time clauses +when, unitl, etc.

1. If you work har, you`ll pass your exams.

 The boss won't be very pleased if we're late for the meeting.

2. Come and see us next week if you have time.

3. Allison won't get into university unless she gets good grades.

 I won't go unless you go too.

We use first conditional sentences to talk about a possible future situation and its consequence.

1. We use the present tense (NOT the future) after if in first conditional sentences.

2. We can also use an imperative instead of the will clause.

3. We can use unless instead of if...Not in conditional sentences

Example: She won't get into university unless she gets good grades / if she doesn't get good grades.

Future time clauses

As soon as you get your exam results, call me.

We' ll have dinner when your father gets home.

I won't go to bed until you come home.

I'll have a quick lunch before I leave.

After I finish university, I'll probably take a year off and travel.

Use the present tense (NOT the future) after when, as soon as, until, before, and after to talk about

the future.

Grammar

Second conditional

second conditional sentences: if+past simple, would / wouldn't + infinitive

1. If I had a job, I'd get my own flat.

 If David spoke good English, he could get a job in chat new hotel.

 I would get on better with my parents if I didn't live with them.

 I wouldn't do that job unless the paid me a really good salary.

2. If your sister were here, she'd know what to do.

 If it was warmer, we could have a swim.

3. If I were you, I'd buy a new computer

We use the second conditional to talk about a hypothetical / imaginary present or future situation

and its consequence.

We can also use could instead of would in the other clause.

2 After if we can use was or were with I, he and she.

2 We often use second conditionals beginnings If I were you, I'd... To give advice. Here we don't

normally use If I was you...

First or Second

If I have time, I'll help you( this is a real situation, it's possible that I'll have time – first conditional)

If I had time, I'd help you. (this is a hypothetical / imaginary situation, I don't actually have time –

second conditional)

Reported questions

Are you married?

She asked him if he was married

Did she phone?

He asked me whether she had phoned.

What's your name?

I asked him what his name was.

Where do you live?

They asked me where I lived.

When a question doesn't begin with a question word, add if or whether

gerund (verb + -ing)

1. Im not very good at remembering names.

 Katies's give up smoking.

2. Driving at night is quite tiring.

 Shopping is my favourite thing to do at weekends.

3. I hate no being no time for things.

 I don't mind getting up early.

• We use the gerund (verb + -ing)

1 after prepositions and phrasal verbs.

2 as the subject of a sentence.

3 after some verbs, e.G. Hate, spend, don't mind.

• Common verbs which take the gerund include: admit, avoid, deny, dislike, enjoy, feel like,

finish, hate, keep, like, love, mind, miss, practise, prefer, recommend, spend time, stop,

suggest, and phrasal verbs, e.G. Give up, go on, etc.

• The negative geruns = not + verb + -ing.

The infinitive with to

1. My flat is very easy to find.

2. Liam is saving money to buy a new car.

3. My sister has never learned to drive.

 Try not to make a noise.

WE USE THE INFINITIVE + TO

• After adjectives.

• To express a reason or purpose

• After some verbs:

(can't) afford, agree, decide, expect, forget, help, hope, learn, need, offer, plan, pretend,

promise, refuse, remember, seem, try, want, would like

The negative infinitive = not ot + verb

More verbs take the infinitive than the gerund.

These common verbs can take either the infinitive or gerund with no difference in meaning: start, 

begin, continue, e.G. I started to rain. It started raining.

The infinitive without to

1 I can't drive.

 We must hurry.

2 She always makes me laught.

 My parents didn't let me go out last night.

We use the infinitive without to

1 after most modal and auxiliary verbs.

2 after make and let