Instruments procedures

UNIT 2
1.-Roman Jakobson´s three categories of translation
 1.Intralingual translation (rewording)-an interpretation of verbal signs
 2.Interlingual translation (translation proper)
 3.Intersemiotic translation (transmutation)
3.-J-P. Vinay & J. Darbelnet: the beginning of taxonomies
  3.1.-Two general strategies comprising 7 basic procedures
    -Direct translation-the direct transfer...
      .Borrowing (mermelada light)
      .Calque (skyscraper-rascacielos)
      .Literal Translation (un bello jardín-a beatufiul garden)
    -Oblique translation-is used when the structural or...
      .Transposition (working with you is a pleasure...)
      .Modulation (you are quite a stranger-no se te ve el pelo)
      .Equivalence (i can´t belive it-parece mentira)
      .Adaptation (veinte metros- veinte yardas)
      .Other procedures: compensation-amplification-implicitation-eco
  3.2.-Distinguishing between strategies and procedures
  -Strategy-the overall orientation of a translated text. ...
  -Procedure-a specific technique used at a given point in the text. ...
4.-Catford´s linguistic theory of translation and translation shifts
  .Translation is an operation performed on languages:...
  .Three broad translation types according to 3 sets of criteria
    -Full translation vs partial translation
    -Total translation vs restricted tranlsation
    -Rank-bound translation vs unbounded translation
  .Translation shifts
    -Shift of level
    -Shift of category
      .Strutural shifts
      .Class shifts
      .Unit or Rank shifts
      .Intra-system shifts
  .Criticism