Formation of hypertonic urine
Classified in Biology
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Hormones: Influences metabolic activities
Of cells by means of hormones
Pituitary gland: Hangs by a stalk from the hypothalamus in the
Brain ¡ Protected by the sphenoid bone ¡ Has two functional lobes ¡ Anterior
Pituitary—glandular tissue ¡ Posterior pituitary—nervous tissue ¡ Often called
The “master endocrine gland”
Endocrinology:Study of hormones and endocrine organs
Central Nervous System:(CNS): Components: brain and spinal cord
Functions: receives, processes, and transfers information
Sensory neurons carry information toward the CNS
Motor neurons:carry information away from CNS
Spinal Nerves: a part of the peripheral nervouse
System —carry impulses to and from the spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous
System Components: nerves
Outside CNS
Neuron specialized cells to transmit messages:
Axon Send info,Size varies (up to 1 Meter) 1 / neuron
Axon hillock: Area of body from which axon arises Sends signals away,
Dendrites : receive info,Branching structures that receive
Signals 100’s / neuron Short distance signals
Brain in Central Nervouse System.
Cerebrum cerebral cortex: higher function,Paired (left
And right) superior parts of the brain Ø Include more than half of the brain
Mass,The surface is made of: Ø Gyrus – ridges Ø Sulcus - grooves,Lobes of the
Cerebrum Ø Fissures (deep grooves) divide the cerebrum into lobes Ø Surface lobes
Of the cerebrum Ø Frontal lobe Ø Parietal lobe Ø Occipital lobe Ø Temporal
Lobe,
CEREBELLUM Controls balance and equilibrium Timing for
Skeletal muscle activity Coordination of body movement, cordinates basic
Mvmts
Fallopian
Tubes • Receive the ovulated
Oocyte • Site for fertilization • Does not physically attach to the ovary •
Fimbriae – finger-like projections receive oocyte • Cilia inside the tube
Spinal cord Extends from skull to lumbar vertebra Provides
2-way conduction pathway to and from brain Cauda equina Collection of
Spinal nerves
Kidney Dorsal wall • Abdominal cavity • Renal
Vessels,Located along the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity • Blood flow
In/out: -> Renal artery <- Renal vein • Anatomy: • Renal capsule • Renal
Cortex • Renal medulla • nephrons • Renal pelvis
Ureter Tubes that transport urine from kidney to
Urinary bladder • Tissue composed of transitional epithelium, smooth muscle and
Connective
Urinary bladder Can increase 6x size • Transitional epithelium
And smooth muscle,
Diploid First cell of a new individual
Urethra male, Extends from the base of the urinary bladder to
The tip of the penis • Prostatic Urethra • Spongy Urethra • Carries both urine
And sperm • Sperm enters from the ejaculatory duct
Nephron Functional unit of the kidney • Produce urine •
Composed of hollow tube of epithelial cells (tubule) & blood vessels •
Remove lots of fluid from blood and then return almost all of it to the
Blood,Glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule) • surrounds glomerulus • Formation
Of urine • Plasma fluid is filtered out of capillaries into the capsule •
Continues to tubule • Proximal tubule • Loop of Henle • Distal tubule •
Collecting ducts drain urine into renal pelvis,
Testes Seminiferous tubules • Tightly coiled structures
• Function as sperm-forming factories • Sperm travels to the epididymis •
Interstitial cells produce androgens such as testosterone