Doping in Sports: Types, Effects, and Risks

Doping in a sport is the deliberate or inadvertent use by an athlete of a substance or method.

Doping Class:

• Stimulants: more alert and mask fatigue (heart failure)
• Anabolic agents steroids: train harder and build muscle (aggression and kidney damage)
• Diuretics: make the weight and hide other drug use (dehydration)
• Narcotic analgesics: mask pain caused by injury or fatigue (addiction)
• Peptides and hormones: EPO gives more energy - HGH build muscle (risk of stroke, heart disease, diabetes)

Blood doping: injecting blood that has been removed from the body a few days earlier

Beta doping: archery and shooting - heart rate low and reduce tremble in the hands

Drugs:

• Nicotine: risk of lung cancer
• Alcohol: reduces coordination
• Cannabis: reduces concentration
• Caffeine: in coffee, chocolate, and energy drinks
• Stimulants: amphetamines

Warm Up Exercises: Benefits and Types

Warm up is usually performed before participating in sports or exercising (benefits reduce injury risk and improve the results of the practice).

Parts of warm up:

• Increase heart rate
• Move and stretch the joints
• Activate the muscles and systems

-Aerobic exercise: is not fast and you have the necessary oxygen

-Anaerobic exercise: is short and fast

Continuous Systems:

• Jogging: run at a constant pace
• Fartlek training: speed play (aerobic)
• Total training: combined

Mixed Training Systems:

• Circuit training: exercises in a special order
• Interval training: periods of hard exercise

Speed in Sports

Types of speed in sports include movement speed, travel speed, reaction speed, speed endurance, and acceleration speed.

Flexibility in Sports

The girls have more flexibility.

Strength in Sports

Types of strength in sports include maximum strength, relative strength, explosive strength, and strength endurance.